https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-0467
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ABSTRACT
Translating archival concepts used in the Universal Declaration on Archives into languages with varying archival traditions is challenging. It is essential to make the UDA understandable for the general public without altering the meaning of the original text while ensuring coherence with archival practices in all countries where the target language is spoken.
Twelve translators were surveyed on the translation of key UDA terms: archives, archivists, records, memory and open access. They reported on archival terminology resources and strategies they used to resolve difficulties in translating English or French archival terminology into languages that do not possess precisely equivalent concepts.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the following translators and colleagues who answered the UDA survey, agreed to be identified and generously and promptly shared their experiences and their resources:
Rabii Bannouri (Tunisia); Giulia Barrera (Italy); Shahnaz Bohlouli (Iran); Marco Carassi (Italy); Michal Henkin (Israel); Martin Julius V. Perez (the Philippines); Joan Soler i Jiménez (Catalonia); Fred van Kan (The Netherlands); Liudmila Varlamova (Russia); Glendalin P. William (Curaçao); Carlos Zapata Cárdenas (Colombia).
We wish also to thank Joan Boadas i Raset and the colleagues on the Advocacy Expert Group of the ICA who supported this paper through their advice and discussions.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes
1. International Council on Archives, ‘Universal Declaration on Archives’, 2012, available at <https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/20190510_ica_declarationuniverselle_en-print_0.pdf>, accessed 16 November 2020.
2. For more information (in French) on the Quebec Declaration on Archives see the Association des archivistes du Québec blog: available at <https://archivistesqc.wordpress.com/2011/11/18/denys-chouinard-et-la-declaration-universelle-sur-les-archives/>, accessed 16 November 2020.
3. UNESCO, ‘Records of the General Conference, 36 Session, Paris, 25 October - 10 November 2011, v. 1: Resolutions’, pp. 64-65; available at <https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000215084>, accessed 16 November 2020.
4. K Eberhard and C McEwen, ‘Development and implementation of the International Council on Archives’ Universal Declaration on Archives 2007–2011ʹ, Archives and Manuscripts, vol. 39, no. 1, May 2011, p. 213.
5. International Council on Archives, Universal Declaration on Archives.
6. For example, among others: TR Schellenberg, Modern Archives. Principles and Techniques, Cheshire, Melbourne 1956; H Jenkinson, ‘The Problems of Nomenclature in Archives’, Journal of the Society of Archivists, vol. 1 no. 9, 1959, pp. 233–9; A Menne-Haritz, ‘What Can be Achieved with Archives?’, Report from the Second Stockholm Conference on Archival Science and the Concept of Record, 30–31 May 1996, Swedish National Archives, pp. 11–26; D Tamblé, ‘Archival Theory in Italy Today’, Archival Science, vol. 1, no. 1, 2001, pp. 83–100; L Duranti, ‘The Concept of Electronic Record’, in L Duranti, T Eastwood and H MacNeil (eds), Preservation of the Integrity of Electronic Records, Springer, Dordrecht, 2002, pp. 23–30; S McKemmish, M Piggott, B Reed and F Upward (eds), Archives: Recordkeeping in Society, Centre for Information Studies, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2005; and G Yeo ‘Concepts of Record (1): Evidence, Information and Persistent Representations’, American Archivist, vol. 70, Fall/Winter, 2007, pp. 315–43.
7. E Ketelaar, ‘The Difference Best Postponed? Cultures and Comparative Archival Science’, Archivaria, vol. 44, 1997, p. 146.
8. ibid., p. 147.
9. M Crockett, ‘Universal Declaration on Archives Terminology’.
10. ‘The Universal Declaration on Archives Terminology’, developed and written by M Crockett and at the time of writing available as part of ICA’s online learning course ‘Understanding and Using the UDA’, will be published on the ICA website in 2021.
11. M Ando, Feng H, I Mamczac-Gadowska, S Schenkolewski-Kroll and THPM Thomassen, ‘What Students of Archival Science Learn: A Bibliography For Teachers/Ce que les étudiants en archivistique apprennent: Une Bibliographie pour les enseignants’, 2nd ed., ICA-SAE, Tokyo, 2000, available at < http://www.ica-sae.org/bibliography/bibliography.html >, accessed 16 November 2020.
12. P Walne (ed.), Dictionary of Archival Terminology/Dictionnaire de Terminologie Archivistique, 2nd rev. edition (ICA Handbooks Series, Vol. 7), English and French with equivalents in Dutch, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish, München, 1988.
13. P Walne (ed.), Arsivcilik Terimleri Sozlugu: Almanca, Ingilizce, Fransizca, Italyanca, Hollandaca, Rusca ve Ispanyolca Karsiliklariyla (‘Dictionary of Archival Terms: German, English, French, Italian, Dutch, Russian and Spanish Equivalents’), edited in Turkish and enlarged with Turkish equivalents by Bekir Kemal Ataman, [n.d.].
14. A Eriksen, Ó Ásgeirsson, V-M Pussinen, JH Marthinsen and B Lindh, ‘Nordiska arkivterminologi’ (‘Nordic archival terminology’), 2003, available at <http://www.narc.fi/nat/>, accessed 17 November 2020.
15. A Menne-Haritz (ed.), ICA Dictionary of Archival Terminology, draft 3rd edition, 1999. Formerly available on the website of the Marburg Archivschule, content subsequently entered into Multilingual Archival Terminology.
16. L Duranti, K Anderson and C Rogers, ‘Multilingual Archival Terminology’, Flash, no. 27, 2014, pp. 16–7.
17. InterPARES Trust and International Council on Archives, ‘Multilingual Archival Terminology’, 2013 –, available at <http://www.ciscra.org/mat/>, accessed 16 November 2020.
18. R Bannouri, Dictionary of Contemporary Archival Science English, French, Arabic, Sharjah Documentation and Archives Authority, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, 2019, ISBN 978-9948-36-704-8.
19. ‘German-Russian Dictionary of Archival Terms’, Comp. Shugaeva. (‘Немецко-русский словарь архивных терминов’, Сост. Шугаева), Moscow, 1956, 36 p.; ‘A Brief Dictionary of Archival Terminology’, Comp. The Main Archival Directorate under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, VNIIDAD, MGIAI. (‘Краткий словарь архивной терминологии’, Сост. Главное архивное управление при Совете Министров СССР, ВНИИДАД, МГИАИ), Moscow, Leningrad, 1968, 57 p.; ‘Dictionary of modern archival terminology of the socialist countries’, Comp. The Main Archival Administration under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, VNIIDAD, MGIAI. (‘Словарь современной архивной терминологии социалистических стран’, Сост. Главное архивное управление при Совете Министров СССР, ВНИИДАД, МГИАИ), Moscow. vol. 1. – M., 1982, 445 p.; vol. 2. Moscow, 1988, 320 p.; NI Gredasova, LV Repulo (comps), ‘English-Russian Dictionary of Archival Terminology’ (‘Англо-русский словарь архивной терминологии’, Сост. Н. И. Гредасова, Л. В. Репуло), Moscow, 1992, 187 p.
20. LN Varlamova, Response to survey question 8c.
21. LN Varlamova, LS Bayun and KA Bastrikova, ‘Document management. English-Russian annotated dictionary of standardised terminology’ (‘Управление документами. Англо-русский аннотированный словарь стандартизированной терминологии’, Сост. Л.Н.Варламова, Л.С.Баюн, К.А.Бастрикова), Moscow, 2017, 398 p.
22. LN Varlamova, LS Bayun and KA Bastrikova, ‘Management of documents and archives. English-Russian Dictionary of Standardised Terminology’ (‘Управление документами и архивами. Англо-русский словарь стандартизированной терминологии’ Сост. Л.Н.Варламова, Л.С.Баюн, К.А.Бастрикова), Moscow, 2019, 513 p.
23. TI Khorkhordina (ed.), Archival Terminology [Electronic resource]: French-Russian archival dictionaries (‘Архивная терминология’ [Электронный ресурс]: франко-русские архивные словари’ Под ред. Т. И. Хорхординой), Moscow, 2018, 318 p.
24. P Carucci, Le fonti archivistiche: ordinamento e conservazione (‘Archival Sources: Arrangement and Conservation’), La Nuova Italia Scientifica, Roma, 1983.
25. S Muller, JA Feith and R Fruin, Manual for the Arrangement and Description of Archives (1898), A Leavitt trans., New York, 1940.
26. AJM den Teuling, Archiefterminologie voor Nederland en Vlaanderen (‘Archival Terminology for Netherlands and Flanders’), Stichting Archiefpublicaties, ‘s-Gravenhage, 2003.
27. R Pearce-Moses ‘A Glossary of Archival and Records Terminology’, Society of American Archivists, 2005, available at <https://www2.archivists.org/glossary>, accessed 16 November 2020.
28. Society of American Archivists, ‘Dictionary of American Terminology, 2020–, available at <https://dictionary.archivists.org>, accessed 16 November 2020.
29. Direction des Archives de France, ‘Dictionnaire de terminologie archivistique 2002ʹ (‘Dictionary of Archival Terminology 2002ʹ), available at <https://francearchives.fr/file/4f717e37a1befe4b17f58633cbc6bcf54f8199b4/dictionnaire-de-terminologie-archivistique.pdf>, accessed 16 November 2020.
30. ‘Terminologie de base en archivistique’ (‘Basic Archival Terminology’), 2015, <http://clip.ebsi.umontreal.ca/terminologie/docs/TerminologieArchivistique2015.pdf>, accessed 16 November 2020.
31. R Bannouri, Arabic translator: response to survey question 8i (translated from French into English).
32. MJV Perez, Filipino translator: response to question 8a.
33. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF, Commission on Filipino Language), ‘Manwal sa Masinop na Pagsulat’ (‘Manual in Writing Thoroughly’), available at <http://kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/MMP_Full.pdf>, accessed 16 November 2020; ‘Pagpaplanong Wika at Filipino’ (‘Language Planning and Filipino’), available at <http://kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Pagpaplanong-Wika-at-Filipino.pdf>, accessed 26 January 2020; KWF, ‘Batayang Pagsasalin: Ilang Patnubay at Babasahin sa Baguhan’ (‘Reference for Translation: Guide and Readings for Beginners’), available at <http://kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Batayang-Pagsasalin.pdf>, accessed 17 November 2020.
34. MJV Perez, Filipino translator: response to question 8h.
35. Glendalin P William, Papiamentu translator: response to survey question 8b.
36. ‘Archiefwiki, Categorie: Terminologie’ (‘Archives Wiki, Category: Terminology’), available at <https://archiefwiki.org/wiki/Categorie:Terminologie>, accessed 16 November 2020.
37. F van Kan, Dutch colleague: response to survey question 8a.
38. S Bohlouli, Persian translator: response to survey question 8c.
39. EI Han-Pira, ‘Archival Studies of Terminology: A Special Course Textbook’ (Хан-Пира Э.И. ‘Архивоведческое терминоведение: учебное пособие по спецкурсу’), Moscow, 1990; EM Burova and LP Afanasyeva, ‘Archival Studies: Theory and Practice’ (Бурова Е.М., Афанасьева Л.П. ‘Архивоведение: теория и практика’), Moscow, 2012; LN Varlamova, ‘Standardisation of Document Management’ (‘Стандартизация управления документами’), Moscow, 2018.
40. LN Varlamova, Russian translator: response to survey question 8a.
41. LN Varlamova, Russian translator: response to survey question 8e.
42. National Archives Administration of China: ‘DA/T 1-2000, Basic Terminology for Archival Work’; ‘DA/T 58-2014, Basic Terminology for Electronic Archives Management’.
43. M Carassi, Italian translator: response to survey question 8b; G Barrera, Italian colleague, commented: See for example: <http://www.archivi.beniculturali.it/index.php/abc-degli-archivi/glossario>; <http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/archivi/glossario/>, accessed 16 November 2020.
44. International Council on Archives, ‘Universal Declaration on Archives’.
45. Crockett.
46. ‘Loi n° 79-18 du 3 janvier 1979 sur les archives, Article 1ʹ (‘Law no. 79-18 of 3 January 1979 on archives, Article 1ʹ), available at <https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=3DA3918B1389C13FBFAC47442565E30A.tpdjo16v_3?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000322519&dateTexte=19940228>, accessed 16 November 2020. The English term records can be translated by archives in French. Documents can be called ‘document d’archives’ (archival documents) when the documents are part of a system to be preserved. For this definition, see V Frings-Hessami, ‘La Perspective du Continuum des archives illustré par l’exemple d’un document personnel’ (‘The Perspective of the Records Continuum Illustrated by the Example of a Personal Record’), Revue Électronique Suisse de Science de l’Information, no. 19, 2018, [149], available at <http://www.ressi.ch/num19/article_149>, accessed 16 November 2020.
47. Article 3 in the Russian 2004 legislation, entitled ‘The Basic Concepts’ applied in this Federal Law, available at <https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=7622>, accessed 16 November 2020. The Federal Archival Agency ensures compliance with the rules of acquisition, storage, registration and use of archive documents. See <http://government.ru/en/department/336/>, accessed 16 November 2020.
48. B Khouaja, ‘L’archivistique et les archives en Tunisie: aperçu de la situation actuelle’ (‘Archival Practice and Archives in Tunisia: Overview of the Current Situation’), Archives, vol. 34, nos 1 and 2, 2002–2003, pp. 139–53, available at <https://www.archivistes.qc.ca/revuearchives/vol34_1-2/34-1-2_khouaja.htm>, accessed 16 November 2020.
49. Although ‘archives’ can mean either documents or institutions, this is the only response to our survey that clearly and specifically referred to the term meaning an institution.
50. For legislation on the management of public records and archives in the Philippines: Republic Act No. 9470 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), available at https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2007/ra_9470_2007.html> accessed 17 November 2020; <https://nationalarchives.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/National-Archives-of-the-Phils.-Act-of2007-R.A.-9470.pdf>; <https://www.nationalarchives.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IRR-of-R.A.-9470.pdf>, Republic Act No. 10066, <https://laws.chanrobles.com/republicacts/101_republicacts.php?id=9897>, accessed 26 June 2020.
51. See R Punzalan, ‘Archives of the new possession: Spanish colonial records and the American creation of a “national” archives for the Philippines’, Archival Science, vol. 6, 2006, p. 382.
52. In terms of work being done by archivists in the Philippines: See Rule 20 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 9470 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), available at <http://nationalarchives.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/National-Archives-of-the-Phils.-Act-of2007-R.A.-9470.pdf>, accessed 27 June 2020; <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IRR-of-R.A.-9470.pdf>, accessed 26 June 2020. Archivists work in the field of culture: Republic Act No. 10066, articles X and XI, <https://laws.chanrobles.com/republicacts/101_republicacts.php?id=9897>, accessed 26 June 2020. Archives education has been intertwined with library and information science education. Training for archivists in the Philippines is being supplemented by organisations of archivists. <https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-heritagesch/archives/organizations-of-archivists-inthe-philippines/>, accessed 27 June 2020. See also MGP Golfo, ‘Educating Filipino Archivists Amidst the Challenges of the 21st Century Archival Profession’, Journal of Philippine Librarianship, vol. 34, 2014, pp. 70–8.
53. See also ISO 15489 and MoReq2. See <https://docplayer.fr/17371450-Lexique-de-terminologie-archivistique.html>, accessed 16 November 2020; And Frings-Hessami.
54. See for example the translation of ‘record’ in ‘ISAD(G) seconda edizione’, in Rassegna degli archivi di Stato, anno LXIII – n. 1, gen.-apr. 2003, p. 81. ‘ISAAR (CPF) Standard internazionale per i record d’autorità archivistici di enti, persone, famiglie. Traduzione italiana di ISAAR (CPF)’ (‘International Standard for Archival Records from Corporate Bodies, Persons and Families’), Seconda edizione, Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali, Direzione generale per gli archivi, Firenze 2004.
55. P Alsberg, ‘The Israel State Archives’, Archivaria, no. 7, 1978–79, pp. 70–5, available at <https://archivaria.ca/index.php/archivaria/article/view/10685>, accessed 16 November 2020.
56. Section 4.8. Spanish first before English, <https://kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/MMP>, accessed 27 June 2020.
57. <https://dfa.gov.ph/dfa-news/dfa-releasesupdate/24747-universal-declaration-on-archives-in-filipino>, accessed 16 November 2020.
58. Crockett.
59. Y Lemay and A Klein, ‘Mémoire, archives et art contemporain’ (‘Memory, Archives and Contemporary Art’), Archivaria, no. 73, April 2012, pp. 105–34, available at <https://archivaria.ca/index.php/archivaria/article/view/13386>, accessed 16 November 2020. E Ketelaar, ‘The Archive as a Time Machine’, in Proceedings of the DLM-Forum 2002, @ccess and Preservation of Electronic Information: Best Practices and Solutions, Barcelona, 8 May 2002, INSAR European Archives News, Supplement VII.
60. B Craig, ‘Selected Themes in the Literature on Memory and Their Pertinence to Archives’, The American Archivist, vol. 5, no 2, Fall/Winter 2002, p. 280.
61. RC Jimerson, ‘Archives and memory’, OCLC Systems & Services: International digital library perspectives, vol. 19, no. 3, 2003, pp. 89–95, available at <https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/10650750310490289/full/html>, accessed 16 November 2020.
62. Chinese translator: response to survey question 4.
63. MM Aldeguer IV, ‘Re-visioning History’, 30 October 2016, from the September 2016 print issue of The Guidon, available at <https://www.theguidon.com/1112/main/2016/10/re-visioning-history/>, accessed 16 November 2020; IS Buenrostro, ‘Preserving the post-war archives heritage and collective memory of Bulacan: Local government records and practices’, Journal of Philippine Librarianship, 2010, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 56–74.
64. ‘Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities’, 22 October 2003, available at <https://openaccess.mpg.de/Berlin-Declaration>, accessed 16 November 2020.
65. International Council on Archives, Committee on Best Practices and Standards, Working Group on Access, ‘Principles of Access to Archives. Technical Guidance on Managing Archives with Restrictions’, 2014, available at <https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/2014-02_standards_tech-guidelines-draft_EN.pdf>, accessed 16 November 2020.
66. Available at <https://government.ru/en/department/336/>, accessed 27 June 2020; Federal Law of the Russian Federation, October 22 2004, no. 25-FZ, ‘About Archiving in the Russian Federation’, available at <https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=7622>, accessed 16 November 2020.
67. For information on the National Archives of Iran: See <http://dissertationreviews.org/archives/10352#:~:text=The%20National%20Archives%20and%20Library%20of%20Iran%20(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%20%D9%88,of%20branches%20scattered%20around%20Tehran>, accessed 16 November 2020.
68. ‘Archives Law and Regulations’, available at <https://www.akevot.org.il/en/article/archives-law-regulations/?full>, accessed 16 November 2020. For use of international principles, including the UDA and the ‘ICA Principles of Access’ in Israel: see <https://www.akevot.org.il/en/article/international-principles/?full>, accessed 16 November 2020.
69. Republic Act No. 9470.
70. Republic Act No. 9470 and its ‘Implementing Rules and Regulations’ (IRR), Once a public record is categorised as a public access record, the IRR of Republic Act No. 9470 has made sure that public accessibility of these records is ensured through this rule: RULE 57 ‘Public Inspections of Open Access Records ART. 107. An open access record shall be made available for inspection by the public as soon as it is reasonably practicable after a request to inspect the record is made to the government office, the LGU, the approved repository, or the National Archives of the Philippines, whichever has possession of the open access record.;’ available at <https://nationalarchives.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/National-Archives-of-the-Phils.-Act-of2007-R.A.-9470.pdf> accessed 27 June 2020; <https://www.nationalarchives.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IRR-of-R.A.-9470.pdf>, accessed 27 June 2020.
71. Section 7 of Article III in the Constitution: ‘The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognised. Access to official records, and to documents, and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.’ The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines is available at <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/>, accessed 16 November 2020.
72. Law n° 78-753, 17 July 1978 and Law n° 2008-696, 15 July 2008 on archives.
73. ‘Récapitulatif de l’accès aux archives publiques’ (‘Summary of Access to Public Archives’), 21 June 2018, available at <https://francearchives.fr/fr/article/26287583>, accessed 16 November 2020.
74. ‘Libre accès à l’information scientifique et technique: Actualités, problématiques et perspectives’ (‘Open Access to Scientific and Technical Information: News, Issues and Perspectives’), available at <http://openaccess.inist.fr/spip.php?page=glossaire>, accessed 16 November 2020; J Schöpfel and C Stock, ‘Les archives ouvertes en France: Un potentiel documentaire pour la formation à distance’ (‘Open Archives in France: A Documentary Potential for Distance Learning’), Distances et Savoirs (Distance and Knowledge), vol. 7, no. 3, 2009, pp. 443–56, available at <https://www.cairn.info/revue-distances-et-savoirs-2009-3-page-443.htm#no1>, accessed 16 November 2020; P Baruch, ‘Open Access Developments in France: The HAL Open Archives System’, available at <https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00176428/en>, accessed 16 November 2020; ‘Déclaration de Berlin sur le libre accès à la connaissance en sciences exactes, sciences de la vie, sciences humaines et sociales’ (‘Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities’), available at <https://openaccess.mpg.de/68042/BerlinDeclaration_wsis_fr.pdf >, accessed 16 November 2020.
75. ICA Advocacy Expert Group, Universal Declaration on Archives – A Toll to Improve Understanding and Awareness available at, <https://www.ica.org/en/universal-declaration-archives-tool-improve-understanding-and-awareness>, accessed 17 November 2020.
76. The ICA Advocacy Expert Group published a tool kit to facilitate understanding of the UDA and offer some guidance to the translators. The toolkit is available in French, English and Spanish at: <https://www.ica.org/en/universal-declaration-archives-tool-improve-understanding-and-awareness>, accessed 16 November 2020. The ICA Training Programme also offers an online course entitled ‘Understanding and Using the Universal Declaration on Archives’ to facilitate understanding and use by the general public. For more information: see <https://www.ica.org/en/training-programme>, accessed 16 November 2020.
77. Available at <https://www.ica.org/en/register-your-support-universal-declaration-archives>, accessed 16 November 2020. For list of signatures and endorsement: see <https://www.ica.org/en/thank-you-your-support-universal-declaration-archives>, accessed 16 November 2020.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Claude Roberto
Claude Roberto, PhD, has worked on the Universal Declaration on Archives (UDA) since 2009. From 2009 to 2016, she was responsible for writing and disseminating the newsletter of ICA’s Section of Professional Associations in French, English and Spanish. In 2015 she became Chair of the ICA Advocacy Expert Group which both uses the UDA to advocate for archives and records management and develops materials on how it can be used around the world. In addition to managing ICA translators working on the UDA, she develops training resources in several languages. She has received the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal.
Karen Anderson
Karen Anderson, PhD, is Professor Emerita at Mid Sweden University, where she was appointed Foundation Professor in Archives and Information Science in 2008. She is an Editor-in-Chief for Archival Science, a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Public Information Systems and a Fellow of the Australian Society of Archivists. She was Director of the European Team in the InterPARES Trust Project from 2013–2016 and an expert member of the Swedish Standards Institute’s Committee TK546 for Records Management from 2008–2018. She was President of the ICA Section for Archival Educators 2000–2004 and Vice President 2004–2008.
Margaret Crockett
Margaret Crockett is an archivist and records manager who has worked for over thirty years in the UK and overseas. She is the ICA Training Officer, responsible for delivering face-to-face and online training across the world. In 2019, she worked with Karen Anderson and Claude Roberto to create an online course on the Universal Declaration on Archives. Her work for ICA includes serving as Deputy Secretary General (2010 to 2018). She was one of the first cohort to achieve Fellowship status in the UK Archives and Records Association. She is author of The No-Nonsense Guide to Archives and Recordkeeping.