Ecust004 Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Growth, Invasion, and Migration via EMT Regulation

Abstract

Purpose

Erianin is a small chemical compound extracted from Dendrobium chrysotoxum and has excellent antineoplastic effects against a variety of cancers. Combretastatin A-4 (CA4) is the most effective member of natural phenolic stilbene compounds isolated from the African willow tree Combretum caffrum. Ecust004 (Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₂₁NO₇S) is a drug candidate optimized from structure–activity relationship studies of the sulfamate derivatives of Erianin and CA4, which has better bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles than Erianin and CA4.

Methods

To investigate the antitumor activity of Ecust004 in different types of breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells were treated with Ecust004. MTT and CCK8 were used to determine the effects of Ecust004 on cell proliferation. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the migration and invasion level of cells treated with Ecust004. The expression of genes and proteins associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. In vivo studies further clarified the functional effects of Ecust004.

Results

Ecust004 treatment decreased the growth and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells at a lower dosage than Erianin. In addition, compared to Erianin and CA4, Ecust004 can better inhibit the invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells. Accordingly, the expression of genes associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition, such as E-cadherin and vinculin, was increased. Finally, compared with Erianin and CA4, Ecust004 exhibited a better anti-tumor activity in vivo.

Conclusion

Ecust004 inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells, and therefore represents a potential agent for development as an antitumor drug.

Keywords:

• Ecust004
• Erianin
• breast cancer
• EMT

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Project (20190701005GH, 20180101240JC), Jilin University Bethune Project (2020B13) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 21472126, 21302128, 21672151).

Data Sharing Statement

All data generated and/or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Disclosure

Dr Jinwen Huang reports a patent CN201710685120.3 licensed; Dr Fanhong Wu reports a patent CN201710610734.9 issued. The authors declare no other conflicts of interest.