Topical Delivery of Levocarnitine to the Cornea and Anterior Eye by Thermosensitive in-situ Gel for Dry Eye Disease

Abstract

Purpose

To prepare the levocarnitine thermosensitive in situ gel (LCTG) and evaluate its effect on dry eye disease (DED).

Methods

Draize eye irritation test and other examinations were used to evaluate the eye irritation after multiple administration of LCTG. The Schirmer test, fluorescein sodium staining, HE staining and TUNEL staining were used to detect the tear secretion, corneal injury, histopathological changes of the cornea and lacrimal gland, and the apoptosis rate of cornea epithelial cells after 3 days of the administration. The conjunctival goblet cell density was detected by PAS staining, and the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) of corneal epithelial cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining after 7 days of the administration.

Results

LCTG is non-irritating to rabbit eyes and has good biocompatibility. LCTG administration for 3 days can significantly increase the amount of tear secretion in mice with DED, promote corneal epithelial integrity and central corneal epithelium thickness recovery, and improve the pathological morphology and structure of corneal and lacrimal gland tissues, and reduce the apoptosis rate of the corneal epithelial cells. After 7 days of the administration, the preparation can promote the proliferation of conjunctival goblet cells and down-regulate the cornea expression levels of MMP-3 and MMP-9 in epithelial cells.

Conclusion

The LCTG has a good curative effect on mice with DED, and the overall curative effect is better than that of levocarnitine solution.

Keywords:

• levocarnitine
• cornea
• in situ gel
• delivery
• dry eye disease

Institutional Review Board Statement

The study was conducted following the statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research, and approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (protocol code BUCM-4-2019112602-4068). All authors have read NC3Rs ARRIVE guidelines carefully before the research.

Disclosure

The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest for this work.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7202123).