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Abstract
Titania nanotube (TNT) arrays are recognized as promising materials for localized drug delivery implants because of their excellent properties and facile preparation process. This review highlights the concept of localized drug delivery systems based on TNTs, considering their outstanding biocompatibility in a series of ex vivo and in vivo studies. Considering the safety of TNT implants in the host body, studies of the biocompatibility present significant importance for the clinical application of TNT implants. Toward smart TNT platforms for sustainable drug delivery, several advanced approaches were presented in this review, including controlled release triggered by temperature, light, radiofrequency magnetism, and ultrasonic stimulation. Moreover, TNT implants used in medical therapy have been demonstrated by various examples including dentistry, orthopedic implants, cardiovascular stents, and so on. Finally, a future perspective of TNTs for clinical applications is provided.
Acknowledgments
We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of People’s Republic of China (21501127; 51502185), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of People’s Republic of China (BK20130313; BK20140400), and Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of People’s Republic of China (15KJB430025). We also acknowledge the funds from the project of the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and King Saud University, Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.