Biomimetic Nano-Drug Delivery System: An Emerging Platform for Promoting Tumor Treatment

Abstract

With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles (NPs) have shown broad prospects as drug delivery vehicles. However, they exhibit certain limitations, including low biocompatibility, poor physiological stability, rapid clearance from the body, and nonspecific targeting, which have hampered their clinical application. Therefore, the development of novel drug delivery systems with improved biocompatibility and high target specificity remains a major challenge. In recent years, biofilm mediated biomimetic nano-drug delivery system (BNDDS) has become a research hotspot focus in the field of life sciences. This new biomimetic platform uses bio-nanotechnology to encapsulate synthetic NPswithin biomimetic membrane, organically integrating the low immunogenicity, low toxicity, high tumor targeting, good biocompatibility of the biofilm with the adjustability and versatility of the nanocarrier, and shows promising applications in the field of precision tumor therapy. In this review, we systematically summarize the new progress in BNDDS used for optimizing drug delivery, providing a theoretical reference for optimizing drug delivery and designing safe and efficient treatment strategies to improve tumor treatment outcomes.

Keywords:

• nanoparticles
• cell membrane
• targeted therapy

Abbreviations

AAD, anti-angiogenic drug; AF, activated fibroblast; BEV, bacterial extracellular vesicle; BM, bacterial membrane; BMSC, bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell; BNDDS, biomimetic nano-drug delivery system; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CCM, cancer cell membrane; CM, cell membrane; EV, extracellular vesicle; GASC, glioma-associated stromal cell; HSV, herpes simplex virus; ICD, immunogenic cell death; LSC, leukemia stem cell; MOF, metal organic framework; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; MSN, mesoporous silica nanoparticle; NK, natural killer; OMV, outer membrane vesicle; RA, retinoic acid; RBC, red blood cell; RBCM, red blood cell membrane; SC, stem cell; SWE, shear-wave elasticity; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; VDA, vascular disrupting agent; WBC, white blood cell.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (23ZR1453400).

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.