Recent Advances of Emerging Metal-Containing Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials in Tumor Theranostics

Abstract

In recent years, metal-containing two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, among various 2D nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention because of their unique physical and chemical properties, especially in the fields of biomedical applications. Firstly, the review provides a brief introduction to two types of metal-containing 2D nanomaterials, based on whether metal species take up the major skeleton of the 2D nanomaterials. After this, the synthetical approaches are summarized, focusing on two strategies similar to other 2D nanomaterials, top-down and bottom-up methods. Then, the performance and evaluation of these 2D nanomaterials when applied to cancer therapy are discussed in detail. The specificity of metal-containing 2D nanomaterials in physics and optics makes them capable of killing cancer cells in a variety of ways, such as photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy and so on. Besides, the integrated platform of diagnosis and treatment and the clinical translatability through metal-containing 2D nanomaterials is also introduced in this review. In the summary and perspective section, advanced rational design, challenges and promising clinical contributions to cancer therapy of these emerging metal-containing 2D nanomaterials are discussed.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• metal-containing two-dimensional nanomaterials
• nanotechnology-based therapy
• cancer precision treatment
• theranostic platform

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Project (2022YFA0912500), National Natural Science Foundation of China (52203335, 82192865, 81970875 and 32301128), Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (RCBS20221008093329063, ZDSYS201707281114196, KCXFZ20201221173413038, LCYSSQ20220823091403007), Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZSM201612031), Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Fund, Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality, Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2022M722208), Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2022A1515110803). We thank Prof. Guohui Nie from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University for his contributions during the revision.

Disclosure

The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work.