The effect of food form on satiety

Abstract

To understand the influence of food form on satiety, 19 male participants attended two separate test sessions to consume either a liquid–solid meal (LS), which consisted of whole pieces of vegetable in a broth, or a liquid version of the same ingredients [liquid meal (LM)]. Following this meal, appetite questionnaires and blood samples were collected at regular intervals over 3 h. An ad libitum meal was then served and the amount eaten recorded. Fullness and preoccupation with food were higher following the LM compared with the LS (p = 0.001 and p = 0.031, respectively). Postprandial plasma concentration of cholecystokinin (p < 0.001) and insulin (p < 0.001) was higher and plasma glucose concentration was lower (p = 0.003) following the LM compared with the LS. However, there was no difference in the food intake at the subsequent meal. These results suggest that food form has a limited effect on satiety; however, the influence of the postprandial insulin response warrants further attention.

Keywords::

• food form
• satiety
• soup
• glucose
• insulin
• cholecystokinin

Acknowledgement

We thank Ms. Visha Arumugam for her technical assistance.

Declaration of interest : The authors declare no conflict of interests. This study was supported by Nutrition and Wellness Research Center, Iowa State University.