Novel pyrazole–pyrazoline hybrids endowed with thioamide as antimalarial agents: their synthesis and 3D-QSAR studies

Abstract

One of the most viable options to tackle the growing resistance to the antimalarial drugs is hybrid molecules. It involves combination of different scaffolds in one frame that may lead to compounds with diverse biological profiles. In this context, new hybrids of three different scaffolds viz pyrazole, pyrazoline and thiosemicarbazone moiety were incorporated into one single compound and evaluated for their in vitro schizontocidal activity against the CQ-sensitive 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Compounds with significant in vitro antimalarial activity were further evaluated for cytotoxicity against VERO cell lines. The best active compound 48 exhibited an IC₅₀ of 1.13 µM. The in vitro results were further validated by quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR).

• Antimalarial
• cytoxicity
• hybrid molecule
• P. falciparum (3D7 strain)
• pyrazoline

Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Jamia Hamdard, for providing research laboratory and instrumentation facilities (NMR, mass and IR) at the institute.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no declarations of interest. Authors are thankful to University Grants Commission, Government of India, New Delhi, for financial support.

Supplementary material available online