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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Different equations to combine creatinine and cystatin C to predict GFR. Arithmetic mean of existing equations performs as well as complex combinations

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Pages 619-627 | Received 12 Jan 2009, Accepted 27 Mar 2009, Published online: 09 Sep 2009

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Felicia Leion, Josefine Hegbrant, Emil den Bakker, Magnus Jonsson, Magnus Abrahamson, Ulf Nyman, Jonas Björk, Veronica Lindström, Anders Larsson, Arend Bökenkamp & Anders Grubb. (2017) Estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children. The average between a cystatin C- and a creatinine-based equation improves estimation of GFR in both children and adults and enables diagnosing Shrunken Pore Syndrome. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 77:5, pages 338-344.
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Anders Christensson, Anders Grubb, John Molvin, Hannes Holm, Klas Gransbo, Gordana Tasevska-Dinevska, Erasmus Bachus, Amra Jujic & Martin Magnusson. (2016) The shrunken pore syndrome is associated with declined right ventricular systolic function in a heart failure population – the HARVEST study. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 76:7, pages 568-574.
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Martin Risch, Lorenz Risch, Mette-Triin Purde, Harald Renz, Patrice Ambühl, Thomas Szucs & Yuki Tomonaga. (2016) Association of the cystatin C/creatinine ratio with the renally cleared hormones parathyroid hormone (PTH) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in primary care patients: a cross-sectional study. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 76:5, pages 379-385.
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Alain Dardashti, Shahab Nozohoor, Anders Grubb & Henrik Bjursten. (2016) Shrunken Pore Syndrome is associated with a sharp rise in mortality in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 76:1, pages 74-81.
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Anders Grubb, Veronica Lindström, Magnus Jonsson, Sten-Erik Bäck, Tomas Åhlund, Bengt Rippe & Anders Christensson. (2015) Reduction in glomerular pore size is not restricted to pregnant women. Evidence for a new syndrome: ‘Shrunken pore syndrome’. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 75:4, pages 333-340.
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Anders Grubb, Ulf Nyman & Jonas Björk. (2012) Improved estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by comparison of eGFRcystatin C and eGFRcreatinine. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 72:1, pages 73-77.
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Jonas Björk, Anders Grubb, Gunnar Sterner & Ulf Nyman. (2011) Revised equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate based on the Lund-Malmö Study cohort. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 71:3, pages 232-239.
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James B. Wetmore, Runolfur Palsson, John M. Belmont, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Leifur Franzson & Olafur S. Indridason. (2010) Discrepancies between creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations: Implications for identification of chronic kidney disease in the general population. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 44:4, pages 242-250.
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Articles from other publishers (27)

Yeli Wang, Ogechi M. Adingwupu, Michael G. Shlipak, Alessandro Doria, Michelle M. Estrella, Marc Froissart, Vilmundur Gudnason, Anders Grubb, Roberto Kalil, Michael Mauer, Peter Rossing, Jesse Seegmiller, Josef Coresh, Andrew S. Levey & Lesley A. Inker. (2023) Discordance Between Creatinine-Based and Cystatin C–Based Estimated GFR: Interpretation According to Performance Compared to Measured GFR. Kidney Medicine, pages 100710.
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Linnea Malmgren, Carl Öberg, Emil den Bakker, Felicia Leion, Joanna Siódmiak, Anna Åkesson, Veronica Lindström, Erik Herou, Alain Dardashti, Liana Xhakollari, Gabriel Grubb, Helena Strevens, Magnus Abrahamson, Johanna Helmersson‐Karlqvist, Martin Magnusson, Jonas Björk, Ulf Nyman, Johan Ärnlöv, Peter Ridefelt, Torbjörn Åkerfeldt, Magnus Hansson, Anna Sjöström, Johan Mårtensson, Yoshihisa Itoh, David Grubb, Olav Tenstad, Lars‐Olov Hansson, Isleifur Olafsson, Araceli Jarquin Campos, Martin Risch, Lorenz Risch, Anders Larsson, Gunnar Nordin, Hans Pottel, Anders Christensson, Henrik Bjursten, Arend Bökenkamp & Anders Grubb. (2022) The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it – cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation. Journal of Internal Medicine 293:3, pages 293-308.
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John G. Rizk, Elani Streja, Cachet Wenziger, Michael G. Shlipak, Keith C. Norris, Susan T. Crowley & Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh. (2023) Serum Creatinine-to-Cystatin-C Ratio as a Potential Muscle Mass Surrogate and Racial Differences in Mortality. Journal of Renal Nutrition 33:1, pages 69-77.
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Anders O. Larsson, Michael Hultström, Robert Frithiof, Miklos Lipcsey & Mats B. Eriksson. (2022) Shrunken Pore Syndrome Is Frequently Occurring in Severe COVID-19. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23:24, pages 15687.
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Annika Aldenbratt, Christopher Lindberg, Elias Johannesson, Ola Hammarsten & Maria K. Svensson. (2021) Estimation of kidney function in patients with primary neuromuscular diseases: is serum cystatin C a better marker of kidney function than creatinine?. Journal of Nephrology 35:2, pages 493-503.
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Vera H. Koch. (2021) Obesity Facts and Their Influence on Renal Function Across the Life Span. Frontiers in Medicine 8.
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Anders Grubb. (2021) Glomerular filtration and shrunken pore syndrome in children and adults. Acta Paediatrica 110:9, pages 2503-2508.
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Liana Xhakollari, Amra Jujic, John Molvin, Peter Nilsson, Hannes Holm, Erasmus Bachus, Margret Leosdottir, Anders Grubb, Anders Christensson & Martin Magnusson. (2021) Proteins linked to atherosclerosis and cell proliferation are associated with the shrunken pore syndrome in heart failure patients. PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications 15:4.
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Christel Nielsen, Ulrika Andersson Hall, Christian Lindh, Ulf Ekström, Yiyi Xu, Ying Li, Agneta Holmäng & Kristina Jakobsson. (2020) Pregnancy-induced changes in serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances and the influence of kidney function. Environmental Health 19:1.
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Anders Grubb. (2020) Shrunken pore syndrome - a common kidney disorder with high mortality. Diagnosis, prevalence, pathophysiology and treatment options. Clinical Biochemistry 83, pages 12-20.
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George J. Schwartz, Christopher Cox, Jesse C. Seegmiller, Paula S. Maier, Donna DiManno, Sue L. Furth, Bradley A. Warady & Alvaro Munoz. (2019) Recalibration of cystatin C using standardized material in Siemens nephelometers. Pediatric Nephrology 35:2, pages 279-285.
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Václav Ptáčník, David Zogala, Daniela Skibová, Hana Jiskrová, Jiří Trnka, Vladimír Tesař, Romana Ryšavá & Martin Šámal. (2018) Assessment of renal function before contrast media injection: right decisions based on inaccurate estimates. European Radiology 29:6, pages 3192-3199.
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Emil den Bakker, Reinoud Gemke, Joanna A. E. van Wijk, Isabelle Hubeek, Birgit Stoffel-Wagner & Arend Bökenkamp. (2018) Combining GFR estimates from cystatin C and creatinine—what is the optimal mix?. Pediatric Nephrology 33:9, pages 1553-1563.
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Jonas Björk, Anders Grubb, Vilmundur Gudnason, Olafur S Indridason, Andrew S Levey, Runolfur Palsson & Ulf Nyman. (2018) Comparison of glomerular filtration rate estimating equations derived from creatinine and cystatin C: validation in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik elderly cohort. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 33:8, pages 1380-1388.
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Jonas Björk, Sten Erik Bäck, Natalie Ebert, Marie Evans, Anders Grubb, Magnus Hansson, Ian Jones, Edmund J. Lamb, Peter Martus, Elke Schaeffner, Per Sjöström & Ulf Nyman. (2018) GFR estimation based on standardized creatinine and cystatin C: a European multicenter analysis in older adults. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 56:3, pages 422-435.
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Emil den Bakker, Reinoud Gemke, Joanna A.E. van Wijk, Isabelle Hubeek, Birgit Stoffel-Wagner, Anders Grubb & Arend Bökenkamp. (2017) Accurate eGFR reporting for children without anthropometric data. Clinica Chimica Acta 474, pages 38-43.
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Per-Ola Sundin, Per Sjöström, Ian Jones, Lovisa A. Olsson, Ruzan Udumyan, Anders Grubb, Veronica Lindström & Scott Montgomery. (2017) Measured glomerular filtration rate does not improve prediction of mortality by cystatin C and creatinine. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 32:4, pages 663-670.
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A. Grubb. 2017. Biomarkers of Kidney Disease. Biomarkers of Kidney Disease 225 240 .
Gianluca Gessoni, Sara Valverde, Francesca Gessoni, Letizia Valle & Roberto Valle. (2016) Estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using different creatinine and cystatin based formulas in prediction of trough plasma Dabigtran concentration. Clinica Chimica Acta 463, pages 22-26.
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Gianluca Gessoni, Sara Valverde, Francesca Gessoni, Letizia Valle, Marina Bortolotti, Vincenzo Lidestri, Michele Urso & Roberto Valle. (2016) Glomerular filtration rate assessed by using creatinine and cystatin in patients treated with dabigatran. La Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio - Italian Journal of Laboratory Medicine 12:4, pages 243-248.
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Mette-Triin Purde, Stefan Nock, Lorenz Risch, Pedro Medina Escobar, Chris Grebhardt, Urs E. Nydegger, Zeno Stanga & Martin Risch. (2016) The cystatin C/creatinine ratio, a marker of glomerular filtration quality: associated factors, reference intervals, and prediction of morbidity and mortality in healthy seniors. Translational Research 169, pages 80-90.e2.
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Ulla B. Berg, Ulf Nyman, Rune Bäck, Magnus Hansson, Kajsa Åsling Monemi, Maria Herthelius & Jonas Björk. (2015) New standardized cystatin C and creatinine GFR equations in children validated with inulin clearance. Pediatric Nephrology 30:8, pages 1317-1326.
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Jacques R Poortmans, Béatrice Gulbis, Edward De Bruyn, Stéphane Baudry & Alain Carpentier. (2013) Limitations of serum values to estimate glomerular filtration rate during exercise. British Journal of Sports Medicine 47:18, pages 1166-1170.
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Masaru Horio, Enyu Imai, Yoshinari Yasuda, Tsuyoshi Watanabe & Seiichi Matsuo. (2013) GFR Estimation Using Standardized Serum Cystatin C in Japan. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 61:2, pages 197-203.
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Karl M. Jönsson, Mattias Wieloch, Gunnar Sterner, Ulf Nyman, Sölve Elmståhl, Gunnar Engström & Peter J. Svensson. (2011) Glomerular filtration rate in patients with atrial fibrillation on warfarin treatment: A subgroup analysis from the AURICULA registry in Sweden. Thrombosis Research 128:4, pages 341-345.
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Letícia Schwerz Weinert, Eduardo Guimarães Camargo, Ariana A. Soares & Sandra Pinho Silveiro. (2011) Glomerular filtration rate estimation: performance of serum cystatin C-based prediction equations. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 49:11.
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Anders Grubb. 2011. Biomarkers of Kidney Disease. Biomarkers of Kidney Disease 291 312 .

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