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Original Articles

The Medicinal Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids—An International Cross-Sectional Survey on Administration Forms

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Pages 199-210 | Published online: 02 Aug 2013

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (21)

Shovana Shrestha, Sherry Dahlke, Jeffrey I. Butler, Rashmi Devkota, Joanna Law, Kathleen F. Hunter, Madeline Toubiana, Maya R. Kalogirou, Melissa Scheuerman & Matthew Pietrosanu. (2024) How older Canadians access medical cannabis and information about it: A descriptive survey. Cogent Gerontology 3:1.
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Sinikka L. Kvamme, Michael M. Pedersen, Kristine Rømer Thomsen & Birgitte Thylstrup. (2024) Exploring medicinal use of low-THC cannabis products - Comparing experienced effects and side-effects between CBD-oil-only users to users of high-THC cannabis products. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 0:0, pages 1-13.
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Martin Bastien, Salim Mezaache, Cécile Donadille, Victor Martin, Laurent Appel, Maela Lebrun, Laélia Briand Madrid, Tangui Barré & Perrine Roux. (2023) Exclusive Therapeutic Use of Cannabis in a Large Sample of Daily Cannabis Users in France: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 0:0, pages 1-11.
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Kathleen J Maddison, Christopher Kosky & Jennifer H Walsh. (2022) Is There a Place for Medicinal Cannabis in Treating Patients with Sleep Disorders? What We Know so Far. Nature and Science of Sleep 14, pages 957-968.
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Sajed Mangoo, Simon Erridge, Carl Holvey, Ross Coomber, Daniela A Riano Barros, Urmila Bhoskar, Gracia Mwimba, Kavita Praveen, Chris Symeon, Simmi Sachdeva-Mohan, James J Rucker & Mikael H Sodergren. (2022) Assessment of clinical outcomes of medicinal cannabis therapy for depression: analysis from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 22:11-12, pages 995-1008.
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Nazeer Hasan, Mohammad Imran, Afsana Sheikh, Suma Saad, Gaurav Chaudhary, Gaurav Kumar Jain, Prashant Kesharwani & Farhan J. Ahmad. (2022) Cannabis as a potential compound against various malignancies, legal aspects, advancement by exploiting nanotechnology and clinical trials. Journal of Drug Targeting 30:7, pages 709-725.
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Adrian Szczepaniak & Jakub Fichna. (2020) What role do cannabinoids have in modern medicine as gastrointestinal anti-inflammatory drugs?. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 21:16, pages 1931-1934.
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Renata Rizzo & Mariangela Gulisano. (2020) Treatment options for tic disorders. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 20:1, pages 55-63.
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Toni Leigh Mortimer, Tom Mabin & Anna-Mart Engelbrecht. (2019) Cannabinoids: The Lows and the Highs of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting. Future Oncology 15:9, pages 1035-1049.
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Daniel J. Kruger & Jessica S. Kruger. (2019) Medical Cannabis Users’ Comparisons between Medical Cannabis and Mainstream Medicine. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 51:1, pages 31-36.
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Marcel O. Bonn-Miller, Mahmoud A. ElSohly, Mallory J. E. Loflin, Suman Chandra & Ryan Vandrey. (2018) Cannabis and cannabinoid drug development: evaluating botanical versus single molecule approaches. International Review of Psychiatry 30:3, pages 277-284.
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Mallory Loflin, Kimberly Babson, Kendall Browne & Marcel Bonn-Miller. (2018) Assessment of the validity of the CUDIT-R in a subpopulation of cannabis users. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 44:1, pages 19-23.
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James M Corroon$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Laurie K Mischley & Michelle Sexton. (2017) Cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs – a cross-sectional study. Journal of Pain Research 10, pages 989-998.
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Namkee G. Choi, Diana M. DiNitto, C. Nathan Marti & Bryan Y. Choi. (2017) Association between Nonmedical Marijuana and Pain Reliever Uses among Individuals Aged 50+. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 49:4, pages 267-278.
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Franjo Grotenhermen & Kirsten Müller-Vahl. (2016) Medicinal Uses of Marijuana and Cannabinoids. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 35:5-6, pages 378-405.
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Lawrence A. Osborn, Kirstin J. Lauritsen, Nicole Cross, Alan K. Davis, Harold Rosenberg, Francis Bonadio & Brent Lang. (2015) Self-Medication of Somatic and Psychiatric Conditions Using Botanical Marijuana. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 47:5, pages 345-350.
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Jane A. Fischer, Alexandra M. Clavarino, Maria Plotnikova & Jackob M. Najman. (2015) Cannabis Use and Quality of Life of Adolescents and Young Adults: Findings from an Australian Birth Cohort. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 47:2, pages 107-116.
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Nickolas Zaller, Ariel Topletz, Susan Frater, Gail Yates & Michelle Lally. (2015) Profiles of Medicinal Cannabis Patients Attending Compassion Centers in Rhode Island. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 47:1, pages 18-23.
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Elon Eisenberg, Miri Ogintz & Shlomo Almog. (2014) The Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, Safety, and Ease of Use of a Novel Portable Metered-Dose Cannabis Inhaler in Patients With Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Phase 1a Study. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy 28:3, pages 216-225.
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Stephen M. Stout & Nina M. Cimino. (2014) Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metabolism Reviews 46:1, pages 86-95.
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Articles from other publishers (145)

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Kirsten R. Müller-Vahl. (2024) Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Selected Mental Illnesses: Practical Approach and Overview of the Literature. Pharmacopsychiatry 57:03, pages 104-114.
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Mark D. Kelley, Marwah Obaid, Edward M. Miller, Marla Bowie & Zachary S. Heeter. (2024) Observational Analysis of the Influence of Medical Marijuana Use on Quality of Life in Patients. Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids 7:1, pages 44-50.
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Adam Li, Simon Erridge, Carl Holvey, Ross Coomber, Daniela Barros, Urmila Bhoskar, Matthieu Crews, Lorna Donnelly, Muhammad Imran, Laura Korb, Gracia Mwimba, Simmi Sachdeva-Mohan, James J. Rucker & Mikael H. Sodergren. (2024) UK Medical Cannabis Registry: a case series analyzing clinical outcomes of medical cannabis therapy for generalized anxiety disorder patients. International Clinical Psychopharmacology.
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Haiquan Yang, Kunjie Zhang, Wei Shen, Yuanyuan Xia, Yiting Li & Xianzhong Chen. (2023) Boosting production of cembratriene‐ol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via systematic optimization . Biotechnology Journal 19:1.
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Adam M. GilmoreMostafa A. ElhendawyMohamed M. RadwanLinda H. Kidder, Amira S. WanasMurrell GodfreyJana B. HildrethA. Edward RobinsonMahmoud A. ElSohly. (2023) Absorbance-Transmittance Excitation Emission Matrix Method for Quantification of Major Cannabinoids and Corresponding Acids: A Rapid Alternative to Chromatography for Rapid Chemotype Discrimination of Cannabis sativa Varieties . Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 8:5, pages 911-922.
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Sharon R. Sznitman, Tamar ShochatLukas van RijswijkTalya GreeneJanna Cousijn. (2023) Cannabis and Alcohol Use and Their Associations with Sleep: A Daily Diary Investigation of Single-Use and Co-Use in College Students. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 8:3, pages 527-536.
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Brenden Tervo-Clemmens, William Schmitt, Grace Wheeler, Megan E. Cooke, Randi M. Schuster, Sarah Hickey, Gladys N. Pachas, A. Eden Evins & Jodi M. Gilman. (2023) Cannabis use and sleep quality in daily life: An electronic daily diary study of adults starting cannabis for health concerns. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 243, pages 109760.
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Whitney L. Ogle, Gregg J. Gold, Lukas E. Coppen & Claire Copriviza. (2022) How and why adults use cannabis during physical activity. Journal of Cannabis Research 4:1.
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Joshua Aviram, Daniella Atzmony, Anna Frenklakh, Asaf Kroll, Ilana Zaks & Arno Hazekamp. (2022) THC degradation does not impair the accuracy of THC doses aerosolized by the metered-dose SyqeAir inhaler: a 24-month stability trial. Journal of Cannabis Research 4:1.
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Ethan B. Russo, Carrie Cuttler, Ziva D. Cooper, Amanda StueberVenetia L. WhiteleyMichelle Sexton. (2022) Survey of Patients Employing Cannabigerol-Predominant Cannabis Preparations: Perceived Medical Effects, Adverse Events, and Withdrawal Symptoms. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 7:5, pages 706-716.
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Jennifer H Walsh, Kathleen J Maddison, Tim Rankin, Kevin Murray, Nigel McArdle, Melissa J Ree, David R Hillman & Peter R Eastwood. (2021) Treating insomnia symptoms with medicinal cannabis: a randomized, crossover trial of the efficacy of a cannabinoid medicine compared with placebo. SLEEP 44:11.
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Benedikte Kudahl, Marie Eva Berg, Christine Merrild Posselt, Merete Nordentoft & Carsten Hjorthøj. (2021) Medical cannabis and cannabis-based medicine show both potential efficacy and potential harms: Cross-sectional comparison with controls on self-rated and interviewer-rated outcomes within the Danish pilot program on medical cannabis. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 45, pages 101476.
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Benthe H. Doeve, Maartje M. van de Meeberg, Fiona D.M. van Schaik & Herma H. Fidder. (2021) A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Cannabis and Cannabinoids for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 55:9, pages 798-809.
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Atefeh Noori, Anna Miroshnychenko, Yaadwinder Shergill, Vahid Ashoorion, Yasir Rehman, Rachel J Couban, D Norman Buckley, Lehana Thabane, Mohit Bhandari, Gordon H Guyatt, Thomas Agoritsas & Jason W Busse. (2021) Opioid-sparing effects of medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and observational studies. BMJ Open 11:7, pages e047717.
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Shaina P. Cahill, Stephanie E. Lunn, Patrick Diaz & Jonathan E. Page. (2021) Evaluation of Patient Reported Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis From a Survey of Medical Cannabis Patients in Canada. Frontiers in Public Health 9.
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Shah Khalid, Faisal A. Almalki, Taibi Ben Hadda, Ammar Bader, Tareq Abu-Izneid, Malika Berredjem, Eman R. Elsharkawy & Ali M. Alqahtani. (2021) Medicinal Applications of Cannabinoids Extracted from Cannabis sativa (L.): A New Route in the Fight Against COVID-19?. Current Pharmaceutical Design 27:13, pages 1564-1578.
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Franjo GrotenhermenKirsten R. Müller-Vahl. (2021) Two Decades of the International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines: 20 Years of Supporting Research and Activities Toward the Medicinal Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 6:2, pages 82-87.
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Ran Abuhasira, Yosef S. Haviv, Merav Leiba, Adi Leiba, Larisa Ryvo & Victor Novack. (2021) Cannabis is associated with blood pressure reduction in older adults – A 24-hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring study. European Journal of Internal Medicine 86, pages 79-85.
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Jiries Meehan-Atrash, Wentai Luo, Kevin J. McWhirter, David G. Dennis, David Sarlah, Robert P. Jensen, Isaac Afreh, Jia Jiang, Kelley C. Barsanti, Alisha Ortiz & Robert M. Strongin. (2021) The influence of terpenes on the release of volatile organic compounds and active ingredients to cannabis vaping aerosols. RSC Advances 11:19, pages 11714-11723.
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Philippe Lucas, Susan Boyd, M.-J. Milloy & Zach Walsh. (2021) Cannabis Significantly Reduces the Use of Prescription Opioids and Improves Quality of Life in Authorized Patients: Results of a Large Prospective Study. Pain Medicine 22:3, pages 727-739.
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Sharon R. Sznitman, Simon Vulfsons, David Meiri & Galit Weinstein. (2020) Medical cannabis and cognitive performance in middle to old adults treated for chronic pain. Drug and Alcohol Review 40:2, pages 272-280.
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Issbella Bowles. (2021) Thc-You Later Chronic Pain?. Psych-Talk 1:98, pages 13-18.
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Samridhi Lal, Anusmita Shekher, Puneet, Acharan S. Narula, Heidi Abrahamse & Subash C. Gupta. (2021) Cannabis and its constituents for cancer: History, biogenesis, chemistry and pharmacological activities. Pharmacological Research 163, pages 105302.
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Meagan Jozwiak, Meghan Caballero & Hong Wu. 2021. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 273 310 .
Philippe Lucas, Susan Boyd, M-J Milloy & Zach Walsh. (2020) Reductions in alcohol use following medical cannabis initiation: results from a large cross-sectional survey of medical cannabis patients in Canada. International Journal of Drug Policy 86, pages 102963.
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Paola Perin, Alex Mabou Tagne, Paolo Enrico, Franca Marino, Marco Cosentino, Roberto Pizzala & Cinzia Boselli. (2020) Cannabinoids, Inner Ear, Hearing, and Tinnitus: A Neuroimmunological Perspective. Frontiers in Neurology 11.
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Anastasia S. Suraev, Nathaniel S. Marshall, Ryan Vandrey, Danielle McCartney, Melissa J. Benson, Iain S. McGregor, Ronald R. Grunstein & Camilla M. Hoyos. (2020) Cannabinoid therapies in the management of sleep disorders: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies. Sleep Medicine Reviews 53, pages 101339.
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Dvora Izgelov, Elyad Davidson, Dinorah Barasch, Aviva Regev, Abraham J. Domb & Amnon Hoffman. (2020) Pharmacokinetic investigation of synthetic cannabidiol oral formulations in healthy volunteers. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 154, pages 108-115.
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Dvora Izgelov, Michael Freidman & Amnon Hoffman. (2020) Investigation of cannabidiol gastro retentive tablets based on regional absorption of cannabinoids in rats. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 152, pages 229-235.
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José C. Bouso, Daniel Jiménez‐Garrido, Genís Ona, Damian Woźnica, Rafael G. dos Santos, Jaime E.C. Hallak, Beatriz A. P. B. Paranhos, Felipe de Almeida Mendes, Mauricio Yonamine, Miguel Á. Alcázar‐Córcoles & Magí Farré. (2020) Quality of Life, Mental Health, Personality and Patterns of Use in Self‐Medicated Cannabis Users with Chronic Diseases: A 12‐Month Longitudinal Study. Phytotherapy Research 34:7, pages 1670-1677.
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Dvora Izgelov, Aviva Regev, Abraham J. Domb & Amnon Hoffman. (2020) Using the Absorption Cocktail Approach to Assess Differential Absorption Kinetics of Cannabidiol Administered in Lipid-Based Vehicles in Rats. Molecular Pharmaceutics 17:6, pages 1979-1986.
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Almog Uziel, Anat Gelfand, Keren Amsalem, Paula Berman, Gil M. Lewitus, David Meiri & Dan Y. Lewitus. (2020) Full-Spectrum Cannabis Extract Microdepots Support Controlled Release of Multiple Phytocannabinoids for Extended Therapeutic Effect . ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12:21, pages 23707-23716.
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Daniel J. Kruger, Jessica S. Kruger & R. Lorraine Collins. (2020) Cannabis Enthusiasts’ Knowledge of Medical Treatment Effectiveness and Increased Risks From Cannabis Use. American Journal of Health Promotion 34:4, pages 436-439.
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Galit Weinstein & Sharon R. Sznitman. (2020) The implications of late-life cannabis use on brain health: A mapping review and implications for future research. Ageing Research Reviews 59, pages 101041.
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Sharon R. Sznitman, Tamar Shochat & Talya Greene. (2020) Is time elapsed between cannabis use and sleep start time associated with sleep continuity? An experience sampling method. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 208, pages 107846.
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Roy Upton. 2020. Textbook of Natural Medicine. Textbook of Natural Medicine 470 483.e5 .
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Ran Abuhasira, Addie Ron, Inbal Sikorin & Victor Novack. (2019) Medical Cannabis for Older Patients—Treatment Protocol and Initial Results. Journal of Clinical Medicine 8:11, pages 1819.
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Òscar Parés-Franquero, Xavier Jubert-Cortiella, Sergi Olivares-Gálvez, Albert Díaz-Castellano, Daniel F. Jiménez-Garrido & José Carlos Bouso. (2019) Use and Habits of the Protagonists of the Story: Cannabis Social Clubs in Barcelona. Journal of Drug Issues 49:4, pages 607-624.
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Jehad Ahmad Barakji, Steven Kwasi Korang, Joshua Feinberg, Mathias Maagard, Christian Gluud, Ole Mathiesen & Janus Christian Jakobsen. (2019) Cannabinoids versus placebo or no intervention for pain: protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMJ Open 9:10, pages e031574.
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Jiries Meehan-Atrash, Wentai Luo, Kevin J. McWhirter & Robert M. Strongin. (2019) Aerosol Gas-Phase Components from Cannabis E-Cigarettes and Dabbing: Mechanistic Insight and Quantitative Risk Analysis. ACS Omega 4:14, pages 16111-16120.
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Randi von Wrede, Susanna Moskau-Hartmann, Nicola Amarell, Christian Erich Elger & Christoph Helmstaedter. (2019) Knowledge, expectations and fears of cannabis use of epilepsy patients at a tertiary epilepsy center. Epilepsy & Behavior 99, pages 106458.
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