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Original Article

A model of the occlusion effect with bone-conducted stimulation

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Pages 595-608 | Received 09 Aug 2006, Published online: 07 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (14)

Florian Denk, Thomas Hieke, Malte Roberz & Hendrik Husstedt. (2023) Occlusion and coupling effects with different earmold designs – all a matter of opening the ear canal?. International Journal of Audiology 62:3, pages 227-237.
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Bo Håkansson, Sabine Reinfeldt, Ann-Charlotte Persson, Karl-Johan Fredén Jansson, Cristina Rigato, Malou Hultcrantz & Måns Eeg-Olofsson. (2019) The bone conduction implant – a review and 1-year follow-up. International Journal of Audiology 58:12, pages 945-955.
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Sumru Keceli & Stefan Stenfelt. (2018) Measurements of bone conduction auditory brainstem response with the new audiometric bone conduction transducer Radioear B81. International Journal of Audiology 57:8, pages 577-583.
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Allison R. Mackey, William E. Hodgetts & Susan A. Small. (2018) Maturation of bone-conduction transcranial and forehead attenuation using a measure of sound pressure in the ear canal. International Journal of Audiology 57:4, pages 283-290.
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John Greer Clark, Matthew Brady, Brian R. Earl, Peter M. Scheifele, Lianna Snyder & Suzanne Duchesne Clark. (2017) Use of noise cancellation earphones in out-of-booth audiometric evaluations. International Journal of Audiology 56:12, pages 989-996.
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Sabine Reinfeldt, Bo Håkansson, Hamidreza Taghavi & Måns Eeg-Olofsson. (2015) New developments in bone-conduction hearing implants: a review. Medical Devices: Evidence and Research 8, pages 79-93.
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Sabine Reinfeldt, Bo Håkansson, Hamidreza Taghavi, Karl-Johan Fredén Jansson & Måns Eeg-Olofsson. (2015) The bone conduction implant: Clinical results of the first six patients. International Journal of Audiology 54:6, pages 408-416.
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Sabine Reinfeldt, Bo Håkansson, Hamidreza Taghavi & Måns Eeg-Olofsson. (2014) Bone conduction hearing sensitivity in normal-hearing subjects: Transcutaneous stimulation at BAHA vs BCI position. International Journal of Audiology 53:6, pages 360-369.
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Brian C. J. Moore & Gerald R. Popelka. (2013) Preliminary comparison of bone-anchored hearing instruments and a dental device as treatments for unilateral hearing loss. International Journal of Audiology 52:10, pages 678-686.
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Robert H. Margolis, Robert H. Eikelboom, Chad Johnson, Samantha M. Ginter, De Wet Swanepoel & Brian C. J. Moore. (2013) False air-bone gaps at 4 kHz in listeners with normal hearing and sensorineural hearing loss. International Journal of Audiology 52:8, pages 526-532.
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Erik Borg, Carina Wikström & Dan Gustafsson. (2012) Hearing impairment and self-masking: Listening during vocalization. International Journal of Audiology 51:7, pages 529-535.
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Robert H. Margolis & Brian C. J. Moore. (2011) AMTAS®: Automated method for testing auditory sensitivity: III. Sensorineural hearing loss and air-bone gaps. International Journal of Audiology 50:7, pages 440-447.
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Robert H. Margolis, Brian R. Glasberg, Sarah Creeke & Brian C.J. Moore. (2010) AMTAS®: Automated method for testing auditory sensitivity: Validation studies. International Journal of Audiology 49:3, pages 185-194.
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Articles from other publishers (71)

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Peter Bowers, Michael E Ravicz & John J Rosowski. (2023) Measurements of bone-conducted sound in the chinchilla external ear. Hearing Research, pages 108926.
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Tetsuta Kondo, Yutaro Hirao, Takuji Narumi & Tomohiro Amemiya. (2023) Effects of bone-conducted vibration stimulation of various frequencies on the vertical vection. Scientific Reports 13:1.
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Sudeep Surendran & Stefan Stenfelt. (2023) Inter-aural separation during hearing by bilateral bone conduction stimulation. Hearing Research 437, pages 108852.
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Cyril Blondé-Weinmann, Thomas Joubaud, Véronique Zimpfer, Pascal Hamery, Sébastien De Mezzo & Sébastien Roth. (2023) Experimental evaluation of earplug behavior in front of high-level impulse noise using laser Doppler vibrometer. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154:2, pages 792-800.
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Asuka Miwa, Sho Otsuka & Seiji Nakagawa. (2023) Occlusion effects by bone-conducted sound to the facial parts assessed by hearing threshold and ear canal sound pressure. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 62:SJ, pages SJ1051.
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Jie Wang, Yunda Chen, Stefan Stenfelt, Jinqiu Sang, Xiaodong Li & Chengshi Zheng. (2023) Analysis of cross-talk cancellation of bilateral bone conduction stimulation. Hearing Research 434, pages 108781.
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Yetong Cao, Chao Cai, Anbo Yu, Fan Li & Jun Luo. (2023) EarAcE. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7:2, pages 1-23.
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Sylvette R. Wiener-Vacher, Marta Campi, Priscilla Boizeau & Hung Thai-Van. (2023) Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in healthy children: Normative values for bone and air conduction. Frontiers in Neurology 14.
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Andrea Canale, Drita Ndrev, Francesco Macocco, Roberto Albera, Giulia Aschero, Silvano Lovallo, Maria Gragnano, Gitana Scozzari & Andrea Albera. (2023) Binaural Hearing Using the ADHEAR Bone Conduction System in the Monaurally Occluded Ear. Audiology and Neurotology 28:4, pages 246-254.
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Fatima M. Denanto, Jeremy Wales, Bo Tideholm & Filip Asp. (2022) Differing Bilateral Benefits for Spatial Release From Masking and Sound Localization Accuracy Using Bone Conduction Devices. Ear & Hearing 43:6, pages 1708-1720.
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Hugo Saint-Gaudens, Hugues Nélisse, Franck Sgard & Olivier Doutres. (2022) Towards a practical methodology for assessment of the objective occlusion effect induced by earplugs. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151:6, pages 4086-4100.
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C. Röösli, I. Dobrev & F. Pfiffner. (2022) Transcranial attenuation in bone conduction stimulation. Hearing Research 419, pages 108318.
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Jie Wang, Stefan Stenfelt, Shengjian Wu, Zhihao Yan, Jinqiu Sang, Chengshi Zheng & Xiaodong Li. (2022) The Effect of Stimulation Position and Ear Canal Occlusion on Perception of Bone Conducted Sound. Trends in Hearing 26, pages 233121652211301.
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Mary E. Barrett, Sandra Gordon-Salant & Douglas S. Brungart. (2021) The cafeteria study: Effects of facial masks, hearing protection, and real-world noise on speech recognition. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150:6, pages 4244-4255.
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Huiyang Xu, Franck Sgard, Kévin Carillo, Éric Wagnac & Jacques de Guise. (2021) Simulation of the objective occlusion effect induced by bone-conducted stimulation using a three-dimensional finite-element model of a human head. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150:5, pages 4018-4030.
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Yusei Sugawara, Sho Otsuka & Seiji Nakagawa. (2021) Estimation of relationships between transducer placements and peripheral propagation in cartilage conduction. Estimation of relationships between transducer placements and peripheral propagation in cartilage conduction.
Kévin Carillo, Olivier Doutres & Franck Sgard. (2021) Principle of an acoustical method for estimating the centroid position of the earcanal wall normal velocity induced by bone-conducted stimulation: Numerical evaluation. Applied Acoustics 182, pages 108245.
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Andrea Ferlini, Dong Ma, Robert Harle & Cecilia Mascolo. (2021) EarGate. EarGate.
Kévin Carillo, Olivier Doutres & Franck Sgard. (2021) Numerical investigation of the earplug contribution to the low-frequency objective occlusion effect induced by bone-conducted stimulation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150:3, pages 2006-2023.
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Dong Ma, Andrea Ferlini & Cecilia Mascolo. (2021) OESense. OESense.
Kévin Carillo, Olivier Doutres & Franck Sgard. (2021) On the removal of the open earcanal high-pass filter effect due to its occlusion: A bone-conduction occlusion effect theory. Acta Acustica 5, pages 36.
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Teruki Toya, Peter Birkholz & Masashi Unoki. (2020) Measurements of Transmission Characteristics Related to Bone-Conducted Speech Using Excitation Signals in the Oral Cavity. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63:12, pages 4252-4264.
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Miriam Geal-Dor, Cahtia Adelman, Shai Chordekar & Haim Sohmer. (2020) Occlusion Effect in Response to Stimulation by Soft Tissue Conduction-Implications. Audiology Research 10:2, pages 69-76.
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Stefan Stenfelt. (2020) Investigation of Mechanisms in Bone Conduction Hyperacusis With Third Window Pathologies Based on Model Predictions. Frontiers in Neurology 11.
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Johanna Hengen, Inger L. Hammarström & Stefan Stenfelt. (2020) Perception of One’s Own Voice After Hearing-Aid Fitting for Naive Hearing-Aid Users and Hearing-Aid Refitting for Experienced Hearing-Aid Users. Trends in Hearing 24, pages 233121652093246.
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Ann-Charlotte Persson, Sabine Reinfeldt, Bo Håkansson, Cristina Rigato, Karl-Johan Fredén Jansson & Måns Eeg-Olofsson. (2020) Three-Year Follow-Up with the Bone Conduction Implant. Audiology and Neurotology 25:5, pages 263-275.
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Cristina Rigato, Sabine Reinfeldt, Bo Håkansson, Karl-Johan Fredén Jansson, Erik Renvall & Måns Eeg-Olofsson. (2019) Effect of transducer attachment on vibration transmission and transcranial attenuation for direct drive bone conduction stimulation. Hearing Research 381, pages 107763.
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You Chang, Namkeun Kim & Stefan Stenfelt. (2018) Simulation of the power transmission of bone-conducted sound in a finite-element model of the human head. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 17:6, pages 1741-1755.
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Ophir Handzel & Mordechai Himmelfarb. (2018) The occlusion effect in bone conducted cVEMP. Journal of Vestibular Research 28:3-4, pages 305-309.
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Johanna Hengen, Inger Lundeborg Hammarström & Stefan Stenfelt. (2018) Perceived Voice Quality and Voice-Related Problems Among Older Adults With Hearing Impairments. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61:9, pages 2168-2178.
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Robert W. J. Mcleod & John F. Culling. (2017) Measurements of inter-cochlear level and phase differences of bone-conducted sound. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141:5, pages 3421-3429.
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Ryosuke Miyamae, Tadashi Nishimura, Hiroshi Hosoi, Osamu Saito, Ryota Shimokura, Toshiaki Yamanaka & Tadashi Kitahara. (2017) Perception of speech in cartilage conduction. Auris Nasus Larynx 44:1, pages 26-32.
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Cristina Rigato, Sabine Reinfeldt, Bo Håkansson, Karl-Johan Fredén Jansson, Myrthe K. S. Hol & Måns Eeg-Olofsson. (2016) Audiometric Comparison Between the First Patients With the Transcutaneous Bone Conduction Implant and Matched Percutaneous Bone Anchored Hearing Device Users. Otology & Neurotology 37:9, pages 1381-1387.
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Stefan Stenfelt. (2016) Model predictions for bone conduction perception in the human. Hearing Research 340, pages 135-143.
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Krister Brantberg, Luca Verrecchia & Magnus Westin. (2016) Enhanced Auditory Sensitivity to Body Vibrations in Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome. Audiology and Neurotology 21:6, pages 365-371.
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Stefan Stenfelt. (2015) Inner ear contribution to bone conduction hearing in the human. Hearing Research 329, pages 41-51.
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Kazuhito Ito & Seiji Nakagawa. (2015) Self-demodulation of amplitude-modulated signal components in amplitude-modulated bone-conducted ultrasonic hearing. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 54:7S1, pages 07HF07.
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Tadashi Nishimura, Hiroshi Hosoi, Osamu Saito, Ryosuke Miyamae, Ryota Shimokura, Toshie Matsui, Toshiaki Yamanaka & Harry Levitt. (2013) Is cartilage conduction classified into air or bone conduction?. The Laryngoscope 124:5, pages 1214-1219.
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Martin K. Brummund, Franck Sgard, Yvan Petit & Frédéric Laville. (2014) Three-dimensional finite element modeling of the human external ear: Simulation study of the bone conduction occlusion effect. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135:3, pages 1433-1444.
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R. Dauman. (2013) Bone conduction: An explanation for this phenomenon comprising complex mechanisms. European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases 130:4, pages 209-213.
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R. Dauman. (2013) La conduction osseuse : comment expliquer ce phénomène aux mécanismes complexes ?. Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale 130:4, pages 214-218.
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Stefan Stenfelt & Mehrnaz Zeitooni. (2013) Binaural hearing ability with mastoid applied bilateral bone conduction stimulation in normal hearing subjects. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134:1, pages 481-493.
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Stefan Stenfelt & Mehrnaz Zeitooni. (2013) Loudness functions with air and bone conduction stimulation in normal-hearing subjects using a categorical loudness scaling procedure. Hearing Research 301, pages 85-92.
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Sabine Reinfeldt, Stefan Stenfelt & Bo Håkansson. (2013) Estimation of bone conduction skull transmission by hearing thresholds and ear-canal sound pressure. Hearing Research 299, pages 19-28.
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Stefan Stenfelt. 2013. The Middle Ear. The Middle Ear 135 169 .
Robert H. Margolis & Samantha M. Stiepan. (2012) Acoustic method for calibration of audiometric bone vibrators. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131:2, pages 1221-1225.
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Stefan Stenfelt. (2012) Transcranial Attenuation of Bone-Conducted Sound When Stimulation Is at the Mastoid and at the Bone Conduction Hearing Aid Position. Otology & Neurotology 33:2, pages 105-114.
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Susan A. Small & Ning Hu. (2011) Maturation of the Occlusion Effect: A Bone Conduction Auditory Steady State Response Study in Infants and Adults With Normal Hearing. Ear & Hearing 32:6, pages 708-719.
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Flurin Pfiffner, Martin Kompis, Mark Flynn, Kristian Åsnes, Andreas Arnold & Christof Stieger. (2011) Benefits of Low-Frequency Attenuation of Baha® in Single-Sided Sensorineural Deafness. Ear & Hearing 32:1, pages 40-45.
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Sabine Reinfeldt, Per Östli, Bo Håkansson & Stefan Stenfelt. (2010) Hearing one’s own voice during phoneme vocalization—Transmission by air and bone conduction. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128:2, pages 751-762.
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Cécile Le Cocq, Frédéric Laville & Christian Gargour. (2010) Subjective quantification of earplug occlusion effect using external acoustical excitation of the mouth cavity. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128:2, pages 763-770.
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O.H. Clavier, J.A. Norris & A.J. Dietz. (2010) A comparison of the nonlinear response of the ear to air and to bone-conducted sound. Hearing Research 263:1-2, pages 224-232.
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Erik Borg, Christina Bergkvist & Dan Gustafsson. (2009) Self-masking: Listening during vocalization. Normal hearing. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125:6, pages 3871-3881.
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