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Review

Giardiasis: a pharmacotherapy review

, MD, MSc & , MD, PhD
Pages 1885-1902 | Published online: 14 Aug 2007

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (7)

Angel A Escobedo, Kurt Hanevik, Pedro Almirall, Sérgio Cimerman & Maydel Alfonso. (2014) Management of chronic Giardia infection. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 12:9, pages 1143-1157.
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Roberto Cañete, Pablo Rodríguez, Lumey Mesa, Katia Brito, Ada Prior, Dirce Guilhem & M.R.C.G. Novaes. (2012) Albendazole versus metronidazole in the treatment of adult giardiasis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Current Medical Research and Opinion 28:1, pages 149-154.
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Tara Wahab, Johan Ankarklev, Marianne Lebbad, Steve Glavas, Staffan Svärd & Daniel Palm. (2011) Real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by fast sequencing allows rapid genotyping of microbial pathogens. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 43:2, pages 95-99.
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A A Escobedo, P Almirall, M Alfonso, Y Salazar, I Ávila, S Cimerman, F A Núñez & I V Dawkins. (2011) Hospitalization of Cuban children for giardiasis: a retrospective study in a paediatric hospital in Havana. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 105:1, pages 47-56.
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Haendel GNO Busatti, Joseph FG Santos & Maria A Gomes. (2009) The old and new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of giardiasis: Where are we?. Biologics: Targets and Therapy 3, pages 273-287.
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A. A. Escobedo, G. Alvarez, M. E. González, P. Almirall, R. Cañete, S. Cimerman, A. Ruiz & R. Pérez. (2008) The treatment of giardiasis in children: single-dose tinidazole compared with 3 days of nitazoxanide. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 102:3, pages 199-207.
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Thean S. Chew, Andrew D. Hopper & David S. Sanders. (2008) Is there a role for routine duodenal biopsy in diagnosing giardiasis in a European population?. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 43:10, pages 1219-1223.
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Articles from other publishers (92)

Carlos Gaona-López, Ana Verónica Martínez-Vázquez, Juan Carlos Villalobos-Rocha, Karina Janett Juárez-Rendón & Gildardo Rivera. (2023) Analysis of Giardia lamblia Nucleolus as Drug Target: A Review. Pharmaceuticals 16:8, pages 1168.
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Qiao Su, Louise Baker, Samantha Emery, Balu Balan, Brendan Ansell, Swapnil Tichkule, Ivo Mueller, Staffan G. Svärd & Aaron Jex. (2023) Transcriptomic analysis of albendazole resistance in human diarrheal parasite Giardia duodenalis. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance 22, pages 9-19.
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Aishah E Albalawi & Abdullah D Alanazi. (2023) Chemical Composition, in vitro , and in vivo Antiparasitic Effects of Curcuma zedoaria Rhizome Essential Oil Against Giardia lamblia . Pharmacognosy Magazine 19:2, pages 418-426.
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Ayra Diandra Carvalho-de-Araújo, Luiz Fernando Carvalho-Kelly & José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes. (2023) Anaerobic energy metabolism in human microaerophile parasites. Experimental Parasitology 247, pages 108492.
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Panpan Zhao, Jianhua Li, Xin Li, Jingquan Dong, Xiaocen Wang, Nan Zhang, Shan Li, Min Sun, Xichen Zhang, Zhibang Wang, Min Liang, Ying Li, Lili Cao & Pengtao Gong. (2023) The NLRP3 inflammasome recognizes alpha-2 and alpha-7.3 giardins and decreases the pathogenicity of Giardia duodenalis in mice. Parasites & Vectors 16:1.
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Mehmet Akdağ, Taylan Bilici & Mümtaz Taner Torun. 2023. Hearing Loss in Congenital, Neonatal and Childhood Infections. Hearing Loss in Congenital, Neonatal and Childhood Infections 929 941 .
Edar O. Pech-Santiago, Raúl Argüello-García, Citlali Vázquez, Emma Saavedra, Iliana González-Hernández, Helgi Jung-Cook, Steven P. Rafferty & M. Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres. (2022) Giardia duodenalis: Flavohemoglobin is involved in drug biotransformation and resistance to albendazole. PLOS Pathogens 18:9, pages e1010840.
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Karin A Ydsten, Urban Hellgren & Hilmir Asgeirsson. (2022) Quinacrine Treatment of Nitroimidazole-Refractory Giardiasis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 225:10, pages 1773-1776.
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Juliana Lenzi, Tania Maria Costa, Hercílio Higino da Silva Filho, Michele Debiasi Alberton, Juliane Araújo Greinert Goulart & Lorena Benathar Ballod Tavares. (2022) Antiprotozoal Activity of Mycelial Extracts of Several Medicinal Agaricomycetes Mushrooms against Giardia duodenalis. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 24:12, pages 37-46.
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Heba Said Ibrahim, Aziza Ibrahim Salem, Nessma Magdy Abd El-Rahman Ahmed & Hend Aly El-Taweel. (2021) Pre-and post-treatment evaluation of intestinal inflammation in Giardia and Blastocystis infected children: a community-based study. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 45:4, pages 1026-1033.
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Samrat Bhattacharyya. 2021. Neglected Tropical Diseases and Phytochemicals in Drug Discovery. Neglected Tropical Diseases and Phytochemicals in Drug Discovery 135 169 .
Tanja E. Peters, Benno Kreuels, Marylyn M. Addo, Egbert Tannich & Camilla Rothe. (2021) Risk factors for and management of metronidazole-refractory giardiasis in international travellers: A retrospective analysis. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 43, pages 102090.
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Nasrin Dashti & Mitra Zarebavani. (2021) Probiotics in the management of Giardia duodenalis: an update on potential mechanisms and outcomes. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 394:9, pages 1869-1878.
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Erin E. Conners, Allison D. Miller, Neha Balachandran, Brittany M. Robinson & Katharine M. Benedict. (2021) Giardiasis Outbreaks — United States, 2012–2017. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 70:9, pages 304-307.
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Andrew Riches, Christopher J. S. Hart, Katharine R. Trenholme & Tina S. Skinner-Adams. (2020) Anti- Giardia Drug Discovery: Current Status and Gut Feelings . Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 63:22, pages 13330-13354.
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Snigdha Tiash, Jake Saunders, Christopher J.S. Hart, John H. Ryan, Andrew G. Riches & Tina S. Skinner-Adams. (2020) An image-based Pathogen Box screen identifies new compounds with anti-Giardia activity and highlights the importance of assay choice in phenotypic drug discovery. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance 12, pages 60-67.
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Geeta Shukla, Shweta Kamboj & Bhawna Sharma. (2019) Comparative Analysis of Antigiardial Potential of Heat Inactivated and Probiotic Protein of Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Murine Giardiasis. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 12:1, pages 271-279.
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I. E. Cock & P. Rayan. (2020) Ascorbic acid potentiates the Giardia duodenalis growth inhibitory activity of pure Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell compounds. Parasitology Research 119:3, pages 1125-1137.
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Raúl Argüello-García, David Leitsch, Tina Skinner-Adams & M. Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres. 2020. Giardia and Giardiasis, Part B. Giardia and Giardiasis, Part B 201 282 .
Christopher J. Schwartz, Lopa Modi, Aylin Simsir & Wei Sun. (2019) Incidental giardiasis in a transduodenal fine‐needle aspiration for suspected hilar liver mass. Diagnostic Cytopathology 47:9, pages 966-967.
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Stefania Perrucci, Gianluca Fichi, Enrica Ricci, Livio Galosi, Marco Lalle & Giacomo Rossi. (2019) In vitro and ex vivo evaluation of the anti-Giardia duodenalis activity of the supernatant of Slab51 (SivoMixx). PLOS ONE 14:3, pages e0213385.
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Lissethe Palomo-Ligas, Filiberto Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Verónica Yadira Ochoa-Maganda, Rafael Cortés-Zárate, Claudia Lisette Charles-Niño & Araceli Castillo-Romero. (2019) Identification of a novel potassium channel (GiK) as a potential drug target in Giardia lamblia : Computational descriptions of binding sites . PeerJ 7, pages e6430.
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Angela Fernanda Espinosa Aranzales, Katja Radon, Guenter Froeschl, Ángela María Pinzón Rondón & Maria Delius. (2018) Prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections in pregnant women residing in three districts of Bogotá, Colombia. BMC Public Health 18:1.
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Angel A. Escobedo, Pedro Almirall, Eduardo González-Fraile & Javier Ballesteros. (2018) Efficacy of mebendazole in paediatric patients with giardiasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Tropica 188, pages 50-57.
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M.Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres, Aaron R. Jex, Brendan R.E Ansell & Staffan G. Svärd. (2018) Recent advances in the genomic and molecular biology of Giardia. Acta Tropica 184, pages 67-72.
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José M Ordóñez-Mena, Noel D McCarthy & Thomas R Fanshawe. (2018) Comparative efficacy of drugs for treating giardiasis: a systematic update of the literature and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 73:3, pages 596-606.
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Gurjaspreet Singh, Kavita Chowdhary, Pinky Satija, Akshpreet Singh, Baljinder Singh, Kashmir Singh, Cristóbal Espinosa, M. Angeles Esteban, Rakesh Sehgal & Vikas Verma. (2018) Synthesis and Immobilization of Benzothiazole-Appended Triazole-Silane: Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Approach. ChemistrySelect 3:5, pages 1609-1614.
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E.R. Carter, L.E. Nabarro, L. Hedley & P.L. Chiodini. (2018) Nitroimidazole-refractory giardiasis: a growing problem requiring rational solutions. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 24:1, pages 37-42.
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Ebrahim Kazemi, Parvin Rostamkhani & Hossein Hooshyar. (2017) A Survey on Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Infections in Patients Referred to the Public Hospital in Khoy, West Azarbaijan Province, Iran, 2014 - 2016. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection 4:4, pages 56114-56114.
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Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, Adriana M. Trujillo, Jorge A. Sánchez-Duque & Ángel A. Escobedo. 2017. Current Topics in Giardiasis. Current Topics in Giardiasis.
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Angel A. Escobedo, Marco Lalle, Nana I. Hrastnik, Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, Enrique Castro-Sánchez, Sérgio Cimerman, Pedro Almirall & Jony Jones. (2016) Combination therapy in the management of giardiasis: What laboratory and clinical studies tell us, so far. Acta Tropica 162, pages 196-205.
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