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Original Article

Opiate Dependence and Withdrawal: Preliminary Assessment Using Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT)

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Pages 47-63 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

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Reza Majdzadeh, Ali Feiz-Zadeh, Zahra Rajabpour, Abbas Motevalian, Mostafa Hosseini, Mohammad Abdollahi & Parviz Ghadirian. (2009) Opium Consumption and the Risk of Traffic Injuries in Regular Users: A Case-Crossover Study in an Emergency Department. Traffic Injury Prevention 10:4, pages 325-329.
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. (1999) Effective Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care in Pain & Symptom Control 7:3, pages 61-82.
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George F. Koob, Michael A. Arends, Mandy Mccracken & Michel Le Moal. 2023. Opioids. Opioids 1 400 .
Yocasta Alvarez-Bagnarol, Renata C. N. Marchette, Chase Francis, Marisela Morales & Leandro F. Vendruscolo. (2022) Neuronal Correlates of Hyperalgesia and Somatic Signs of Heroin Withdrawal in Male and Female Mice. eneuro 9:4, pages ENEURO.0106-22.2022.
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Dominic Roberts, Andrew Wolfarth, Connie Sanchez & Alan L. Pehrson. 2018. The Opioid System as the Interface between the Brain’s Cognitive and Motivational Systems. The Opioid System as the Interface between the Brain’s Cognitive and Motivational Systems 179 227 .
Golnaz Vaseghi, Mohammed Rabbani & Valiollah Hajhashemi. (2012) The CB 1 Receptor Antagonist, AM 281, Improves Recognition Loss Induced by Naloxone in Morphine Withdrawal Mice . Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 111:3, pages 161-165.
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Gui-hua Jiang, Ying-wei Qiu, Xue-lin Zhang, Lu-Jun Han, Xiao-Fei Lv, Li-ming Li, Chu-lan Lin, Fu-zhen Zhuo, Shao-yong Hu & Jun-zhang Tian. (2011) Amplitude low-frequency oscillation abnormalities in the heroin users: A resting state fMRI study. NeuroImage 57:1, pages 149-154.
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Stephanie C. Licata & Perry F. Renshaw. (2010) Neurochemistry of drug action. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1187:1, pages 148-171.
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Philippe Hantson & Thierry Duprez. 2009. General and Applied Toxicology. General and Applied Toxicology.
Steven Karch. 2008. Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse, Fourth Edition. Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse, Fourth Edition 367 374 .
Azadeh Mesripour, Valiollah Hajhashemi & Mohammed Rabbani. (2008) Metyrapone and Mifepristone Reverse Recognition Memory Loss Induced by Spontaneous Morphine Withdrawal in Mice. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 102:4, pages 377-381.
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Markus Kosel, Roger S. Noss, Robert Hämmig, Peter Wielepp, Petra Bundeli, Rebeca Heidbreder, Jane A. Kinser, Rudolf Brenneisen, Hans-Ulrich Fisch, Sarah Kayser & Thomas E. Schlaepfer. (2008) Cerebral blood flow effects of acute intravenous heroin administration. European Neuropsychopharmacology 18:4, pages 278-285.
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Jie Shi, Li-Yan Zhao, Marc L. Copersino, Yu-Xia Fang, Yingmao Chen, Jiahe Tian, Yanping Deng, Yinliang Shuai, Jun Jin & Lin Lu. (2008) PET imaging of dopamine transporter and drug craving during methadone maintenance treatment and after prolonged abstinence in heroin users. European Journal of Pharmacology 579:1-3, pages 160-166.
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S. Guyer, M. Kosel, S. Altrichter, M. El-Koussy, R. Haemmig, H.-U. Fisch, K.-O. Lovblad & T.E. Schlaepfer. (2007) Pattern of regional cerebral blood-flow changes induced by acute heroin administration – a perfusion MRI study. Journal of Neuroradiology 34:5, pages 322-329.
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Igor I. Galynker, Daniel Eisenberg, John A. Matochik, Enid Gertmenian-King, Lisa Cohen, Alane S. Kimes, Carlo Contoreggi, Varughese Kurian, Monique Ernst, Richard N. Rosenthal, James Prosser & Edythe D. London. (2007) Cerebral metabolism and mood in remitted opiate dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 90:2-3, pages 166-174.
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Staci A. Gruber, Marisa M. Silveri & Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd. (2007) Neuropsychological Consequences of Opiate Use. Neuropsychology Review 17:3, pages 299-315.
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In Kyoon Lyoo, Mark H. Pollack, Marisa M. Silveri, Kyung Heup Ahn, Claudia I. Diaz, Jaeuk Hwang, Seog Ju Kim, Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd, Marc J. Kaufman & Perry F. Renshaw. (2005) Prefrontal and temporal gray matter density decreases in opiate dependence. Psychopharmacology 184:2, pages 139-144.
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George F. Koob & Michel Le Moal. 2006. Neurobiology of Addiction. Neurobiology of Addiction 339 376 .
Andreas Büttner, Claus Kroehling, Gita Mall, Randolph Penning & Serge Weis. (2005) Alterations of the vascular basal lamina in the cerebral cortex in drug abuse: a combined morphometric and immunohistochemical investigation. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 79:1, pages 63-70.
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Marisa M. Silveri, Mark H. Pollack, Claudia I. Diaz, Leanne E. Nassar, Jack H. Mendelson, Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd, Perry F. Renshaw & Marc J. Kaufman. (2004) Cerebral phosphorus metabolite and transverse relaxation time abnormalities in heroin-dependent subjects at onset of methadone maintenance treatment. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 131:3, pages 217-226.
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Mark R.C. Daglish & David J. Nutt. (2003) Brain imaging studies in human addicts. European Neuropsychopharmacology 13:6, pages 453-458.
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Glenda C Harris & Gary Aston-Jones. (2002) Altered Motivation and Learning Following Opiate Withdrawal: Evidence for Prolonged Dysregulation of Reward Processing. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:5, pages 865-871.
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Michael Lyvers & Michael Yakimoff. (2003) Neuropsychological correlates of opioid dependence and withdrawal. Addictive Behaviors 28:3, pages 605-611.
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M.R.C. Daglish & D.J. Nutt. (2003) Brain imaging studies in human addicts. European Neuropsychopharmacology 13, pages S7-S9.
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Charalabos Papageorgiou, Ioannis Liappas, Pantelis Asvestas, Christos Vasios, George K. Matsopoulos, Chrysoula Nikolaou, Konstantina S. Nikita, Nikolaos Uzunoglu & Andreas Rabavilas. (2001) Abnormal P600 in heroin addicts with prolonged abstinence elicited during a working memory test. Neuroreport 12:8, pages 1773-1778.
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Roya Zamani, Saeed Semnanian, Yaghoub Fathollahi & Sohrab Hajizadeh. (2000) Systemic naloxone enhances cerebral blood flow in anesthetized morphine-dependent rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 408:3, pages 299-304.
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Joseph H. Ricker & Ross D. Zafonte. (2000) Functional Neuroimaging and Quantitative Electroencephalography in Adult Traumatic Head Injury: Clinical Applications and Interpretive Cautions. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 15:2, pages 859-868.
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Marc J Kaufman, Mark H Pollack, Rosemond A Villafuerte, Thellea J Kukes, Stephanie L Rose, Jack H Mendelson, Bruce M Cohen & Perry F Renshaw. (1999) Cerebral phosphorus metabolite abnormalities in opiate-dependent polydrug abusers in methadone maintenance. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 90:3, pages 143-152.
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Gilberto Gerra, Bruno Calbiani, Amir Zaimovic, Roberto Sartori, Giorgio Ugolotti, Luigi Ippolito, Roberto Delsignore, Paolo Rustichelli & Bruno Fontanesi. (1998) Regional cerebral blood flow and comorbid diagnosis in abstinent opioid addicts. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 83:2, pages 117-126.
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Shin Shichinohe, Hiroki Ozawa, Toshikazu Saito, Eri Hashimoto, Carola Lang, Peter Riederer & Naohiko Takahata. (1998) Differential Alteration of Adenylyl Cyclase Subtypes I, II, and V/VI in Postmortem Human Brains of Heroin Addicts. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 22, pages 84S-87S.
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Monique Ernst & Edythe D. London. (1997) Brain Imaging Studies of Drug Abuse: Therapeutic Implications. Seminars in Neuroscience 9:3-4, pages 120-130.
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