36
Views
83
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Natural Distribution and Occurrence of Coenzyme Q Homologues

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 179-190 | Received 01 Apr 1991, Accepted 14 May 1991, Published online: 09 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (2)

Ramachandran Chelliah, Jung-Gu Choi, Su-bin Hwang, Byung-Jae Park, Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri, Se-Hun Kim, Shuai Wei, Sudha Rani Ramakrishnan & Deog-Hwan Oh. (2018) In vitro and in vivo defensive effect of probiotic LAB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Caenorhabditis elegans model. Virulence 9:1, pages 1489-1507.
Read now
Kazuhisa HONDA, Takaoki SANEYASU, Tohru MOTOKI, Yuriko PARK & Hiroshi KAMISOYAMA. (2013) Dietary Coenzyme Q10 Suppressed Hepatic Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Activity in Laying Hens. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 77:7, pages 1572-1574.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (81)

Eisuke Tasaki, Yorihiro Yamamoto & Yoshihito Iuchi. (2023) Higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidants coenzyme Q 10 and vitamin E in long‐lived termite queens than in short‐lived workers . Insect Science.
Crossref
Anastasiia Yu. Ivanova, Ivan V. Shirokov, Stepan V. Toshchakov, Aleksandra D. Kozlova, Olga N. Obolenskaya, Sofia S. Mariasina, Vasily A. Ivlev, Ilya B. Gartseev & Oleg S. Medvedev. (2023) Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on the Biomarkers (Hydrogen, Methane, SCFA and TMA) and Composition of the Gut Microbiome in Rats. Pharmaceuticals 16:5, pages 686.
Crossref
Priya Shukla, Pradeep Srivastava & Abha Mishra. 2023. Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 175 241 .
Anam Naz Soomro, Huma Shaikh, Muhammad Imran Malik, Jamil A. Buledi, Sehrish Qazi & Amber Solangi. (2022) Fluorene intercalated graphene oxide based CoQ10 imprinted polymer composite as a selective platform for electrochemical sensing of CoQ10. RSC Advances 12:49, pages 31639-31649.
Crossref
Tine L. Dohlmann, Anja B. Kuhlman, Thomas Morville, Maria Dahl, Magnus Asping, Patrick Orlando, Sonia Silvestri, Luca Tiano, Jørn W. Helge, Flemming Dela & Steen Larsen. (2022) Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Statin Treated Patients: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Antioxidants 11:9, pages 1698.
Crossref
Monika Kadian, Garima Sharma, Shivani Pandita, Kritika Sharma, Kanishka Shrivasatava, Neetu Saini & Anil Kumar. (2022) The Impact of Coenzyme Q10 on Neurodegeneration: a Comprehensive Review. Current Pharmacology Reports 8:1, pages 1-19.
Crossref
H Rauchová. (2021) Coenzyme Q10 effects in neurological diseases. Physiological Research:S4, pages S683-S714.
Crossref
Maria Luisa Genova & Giorgio Lenaz. 2020. Coenzyme Q in Aging. Coenzyme Q in Aging 51 89 .
L. Vázquez-Fonseca, I. González-Mariscal & C. Santos-Ocaña. 2020. Coenzyme Q in Aging. Coenzyme Q in Aging 11 49 .
Yasuyuki Shimizu, Naritoshi Mukumoto, Nelly Idrus, Hiroaki Akasaka, Sachiko Inubushi, Kenji Yoshida, Daisuke Miyawaki, Takeaki Ishihara, Yoshiaki Okamoto, Takahiro Yasuda, Makiko Nakahana & Ryohei Sasaki. (2019) Amelioration of Radiation Enteropathy by Dietary Supplementation With Reduced Coenzyme Q10. Advances in Radiation Oncology 4:2, pages 237-245.
Crossref
Saleem Banihani. (2018) Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Testosterone. Biomolecules 8:4, pages 172.
Crossref
Rand Pasha & Thomas W. Moon. (2017) Coenzyme Q10 protects against statin-induced myotoxicity in zebrafish larvae ( Danio rerio ). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 52, pages 150-160.
Crossref
Michele Guescini, Luca Tiano, Maria Luisa Genova, Emanuela Polidori, Sonia Silvestri, Patrik Orlando, Carmela Fimognari, Cinzia Calcabrini, Vilberto Stocchi & Piero Sestili. (2017) The Combination of Physical Exercise with Muscle-Directed Antioxidants to Counteract Sarcopenia: A Biomedical Rationale for Pleiotropic Treatment with Creatine and Coenzyme Q10. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017, pages 1-19.
Crossref
Lisete Paiva, Elisabete Lima, Ana Isabel Neto, Massimo Marcone & José Baptista. (2016) Health-promoting ingredients from four selected Azorean macroalgae. Food Research International 89, pages 432-438.
Crossref
Mohammad Asif & Anita Singh. (2016) Anticonvulsant Activities of 4-benzylidene-6-(4-methyl-phenyl)-4,5-dihydropyridazin-(2H)-ones and 4-benzylidene-6-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dihydropyridazin-(2H)-ones. Open Pharmaceutical Sciences Journal 3:1, pages 203-214.
Crossref
In Surk Jang & Yang Soo Moon. (2016) Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on the Expression of Genes involved in Lipid Metabolism in Laying Hens. Korean Journal of Poultry Science 43:1, pages 47-54.
Crossref
Joong K. Kim, Eun J. Kim & Hyun Y. Jung. 2016. Industrial Biotechnology of Vitamins, Biopigments, and Antioxidants. Industrial Biotechnology of Vitamins, Biopigments, and Antioxidants 321 365 .
Alfonso Varela-López, Francesca Giampieri, Maurizio Battino & José Quiles. (2016) Coenzyme Q and Its Role in the Dietary Therapy against Aging. Molecules 21:3, pages 373.
Crossref
Adrián González-Alonso, César Ramírez-Tortosa, Alfonso Varela-López, Enrique Roche, María Arribas, M. Ramírez-Tortosa, Francesca Giampieri, Julio Ochoa & José Quiles. (2015) Sunflower Oil but Not Fish Oil Resembles Positive Effects of Virgin Olive Oil on Aged Pancreas after Life-Long Coenzyme Q Addition. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16:10, pages 23425-23445.
Crossref
Brent P. Forester, David G. Harper, Joanna Georgakas, Caitlin Ravichandran, Nethra Madurai & Bruce M. Cohen. (2015) Antidepressant Effects of Open Label Treatment With Coenzyme Q10 in Geriatric Bipolar Depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 35:3, pages 338-340.
Crossref
Beverley M. Dancy, Margaret M. Sedensky & Philip G. Morgan. (2014) Effects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain on longevity in C. elegans. Experimental Gerontology 56, pages 245-255.
Crossref
Giuseppe Martino, Cecilia Mugnai, Dario Compagnone, Lisa Grotta, Michele Del Carlo & Francesca Sarti. (2014) Comparison of Performance, Meat Lipids and Oxidative Status of Pigs from Commercial Breed and Organic Crossbreed. Animals 4:2, pages 348-360.
Crossref
José Antonio Enriquez & Giorgio Lenaz. (2014) Coenzyme Q and the Respiratory Chain: Coenzyme Q Pool and Mitochondrial Supercomplexes. Molecular Syndromology 5:3-4, pages 119-140.
Crossref
Young-Hee Pyo & Ki-Seung Seong. (2013) Effects of Monascus-fermented grain extracts on plasma antioxidant status and tissue levels of ubiquinones and α-tocopherol in hyperlipidemic rats. Food Chemistry 141:1, pages 428-435.
Crossref
Douglas Lovern & Beth Marbois. (2013) Does menaquinone participate in brain astrocyte electron transport?. Medical Hypotheses 81:4, pages 587-591.
Crossref
Ritu A. Shetty, Michael J. Forster & Nathalie Sumien. (2012) Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reverses age-related impairments in spatial learning and lowers protein oxidation. AGE 35:5, pages 1821-1834.
Crossref
Jennifer F. Lai & Adrian A. Franke. (2013) Analysis of circulating lipid-phase micronutrients in humans by HPLC: Review and overview of new developments. Journal of Chromatography B 931, pages 23-41.
Crossref
Sara M. Hancock, David I. Finkelstein, Ashley I. Bush & Paul A. Adlard. 2013. Studies on Alzheimer's Disease. Studies on Alzheimer's Disease 55 69 .
Soo Kyung Lee, Jung Ok Lee, Ji Hae Kim, Nami Kim, Ga Young You, Ji Wook Moon, Jie Sha, Su Jin Kim, Yong Woo Lee, Ho Jin Kang, Sun Hwa Park & Hyeon Soo Kim. (2012) Coenzyme Q10 increases the fatty acid oxidation through AMPK-mediated PPARα induction in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Cellular Signalling 24:12, pages 2329-2336.
Crossref
Asjad Visnagri, Amit D. Kandhare, V. Shiva Kumar, Anuchandra R. Rajmane, Adil Mohammad, Pinaki Ghosh, Arvindkumar E. Ghule & Subhash L. Bodhankar. (2012) Elucidation of ameliorative effect of Co-enzyme Q10 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathic perturbation by modulation of electrophysiological, biochemical and behavioral markers. Biomedicine & Aging Pathology 2:4, pages 157-172.
Crossref
Brent P. Forester, Chun S. Zuo, Caitlin Ravichandran, David G. Harper, Fei Du, Susan Kim, Bruce M. Cohen & Perry F. Renshaw. (2012) Coenzyme Q10 Effects on Creatine Kinase Activity and Mood in Geriatric Bipolar Depression. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 25:1, pages 43-50.
Crossref
Maria Luisa Genova & Giorgio Lenaz. (2011) New developments on the functions of coenzyme Q in mitochondria. BioFactors 37:5, pages 330-354.
Crossref
Barbara C. Klein, Sebastian J. Bartel, Kai H. Darsow, Ivonne Naumann, Christian Walter, Rainer Buchholz & Harald A. Lange. (2011) IDENTIFICATION OF COENZYME Q10 FROM PORPHYRIDIUM PURPUREUM (RHODOPHYTA) BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION IONIZATION CURVED FIELD REFLECTRON MASS SPECTROMETRY1. Journal of Phycology 47:3, pages 687-691.
Crossref
P.A. Adlard & A.I. Bush. (2011) The plasma membrane redox system in Alzheimer's disease. Experimental Neurology 228:1, pages 9-14.
Crossref
Giorgio LenazMaria Luisa Genova. (2010) Structure and Organization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Complexes: A New Understanding of an Old Subject. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 12:8, pages 961-1008.
Crossref
Marimuthu Jeya, Hee-Jung Moon, Jeong-Lim Lee, In-Won Kim & Jung-Kul Lee. (2009) Current state of coenzyme Q10 production and its applications. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 85:6, pages 1653-1663.
Crossref
Kazuhisa Honda, Hiroshi Kamisoyama, Tomoki Motoori, Takaoki Saneyasu & Shin Hasegawa. (2010) Effect of Dietary Coenzyme Q10 on Cholesterol Metabolism in Growing Chickens. The Journal of Poultry Science 47:1, pages 41-47.
Crossref
Hiroshi Kamisoyama, Kazuhisa Honda, Kanako Kitaguchi & Shin Hasegawa. (2010) Transfer of Dietary Coenzyme Q10 into the Egg Yolk of Laying Hens. The Journal of Poultry Science 47:1, pages 28-33.
Crossref
Arvindkumar E. Ghule, Chetan P. Kulkarni, Subhash L. Bodhankar & Vijaya A. Pandit. (2009) Effect of pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 on isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity and cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Current Therapeutic Research 70:6, pages 460-471.
Crossref
Nathalie Sumien, Kevin R. Heinrich, Ritu A. Shetty, Rajindar S. Sohal & Michael J. Forster. (2009) Prolonged Intake of Coenzyme Q10 Impairs Cognitive Functions in Mice , ,. The Journal of Nutrition 139:10, pages 1926-1932.
Crossref
Giorgio Lenaz & Maria Luisa Genova. (2009) Structural and functional organization of the mitochondrial respiratory chain: A dynamic super-assembly. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 41:10, pages 1750-1772.
Crossref
Monica Gagliano, Walter C. Dunlap, Rocky de Nys & Martial Depczynski. (2009) Ockham's razor gone blunt: coenzyme Q adaptation and redox balance in tropical reef fishes. Biology Letters 5:3, pages 360-363.
Crossref
Yu-Ying Yang, Jon A. Gangoiti, Margaret M. Sedensky & Phil G. Morgan. (2009) The effect of different ubiquinones on lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 130:6, pages 370-376.
Crossref
Giorgio Lenaz & Maria Luisa Genova. (2009) Mobility and function of Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1787:6, pages 563-573.
Crossref
Elizabeth L. Crockett. (2008) The cold but not hard fats in ectotherms: consequences of lipid restructuring on susceptibility of biological membranes to peroxidation, a review. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 178:7, pages 795-809.
Crossref
Martina BOREKOVÁ, Jarmila HOJEROVÁ, Vasiľ KOPRDA & Katarína BAUEROVÁ. (2008) Nourishing and health benefits of coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub>. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 26:4, pages 229-241.
Crossref
M.L. Genova, A. Baracca, A. Biondi, G. Casalena, M. Faccioli, A.I. Falasca, G. Formiggini, G. Sgarbi, G. Solaini & G. Lenaz. (2008) Is supercomplex organization of the respiratory chain required for optimal electron transfer activity?. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1777:7-8, pages 740-746.
Crossref
Mitsuaki Kitano, Dai Watanabe, Shigehito Oda, Hiroshi Kubo, Hideyuki Kishida, Kenji Fujii, Mikio Kitahara & Kazunori Hosoe. (2008) Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Ubiquinol in Rats and Dogs. International Journal of Toxicology 27:2, pages 189-215.
Crossref
Mitsuaki Kitano, Fukutaro Mizuhashi, Hiroshi Kubo, Hideyuki Kishida, Kenji Fujii, Mikio Kitahara & Kazunori Hosoe. (2016) Evaluation of the Mutagenic and Genotoxic Potential of Ubiquinol. International Journal of Toxicology 26:6, pages 533-544.
Crossref
Nathalie Souchet & Serge Laplante. (2007) Seasonal variation of Co-enzyme Q10 content in pelagic fish tissues from Eastern Quebec. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 20:5, pages 403-410.
Crossref
Giorgio Lenaz, Romana Fato, Gabriella Formiggini & Maria Luisa Genova. (2007) The role of Coenzyme Q in mitochondrial electron transport. Mitochondrion 7, pages S8-S33.
Crossref
Rajindar S. Sohal & Michael J. Forster. (2007) Coenzyme Q, oxidative stress and aging. Mitochondrion 7, pages S103-S111.
Crossref
Giorgio Lenaz & Maria Luisa Genova. (2007) Kinetics of integrated electron transfer in the mitochondrial respiratory chain: random collisions vs. solid state electron channeling. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 292:4, pages C1221-C1239.
Crossref
Kazunori Hosoe, Mitsuaki Kitano, Hideyuki Kishida, Hiroshi Kubo, Kenji Fujii & Mikio Kitahara. (2007) Study on safety and bioavailability of ubiquinol (Kaneka QH™) after single and 4-week multiple oral administration to healthy volunteers. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 47:1, pages 19-28.
Crossref
Hossein Shahbani Zahiri, Kambiz Akbari Noghabi & Yong Chul Shin. (2006) Biochemical characterization of the decaprenyl diphosphate synthase of Rhodobacter sphaeroides for coenzyme Q10 production. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 73:4, pages 796-806.
Crossref
Hossein Shahbani Zahiri, Sang Hwal Yoon, Jay. D. Keasling, Si Hyoung Lee, Seon Won Kim, Sung Chul Yoon & Yong Chul Shin. (2006) Coenzyme Q10 production in recombinant Escherichia coli strains engineered with a heterologous decaprenyl diphosphate synthase gene and foreign mevalonate pathway. Metabolic Engineering 8:5, pages 406-416.
Crossref
Giorgio Lenaz, Romana Fato, Maria Luisa Genova, Christian Bergamini, Cristina Bianchi & Annalisa Biondi. (2006) Mitochondrial Complex I: Structural and functional aspects. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1757:9-10, pages 1406-1420.
Crossref
Zhu Liancai, Wang Bochu .Tan Jun .Luo Min .. (2006) Coenzyme Q in Cancer Therapy. International Journal of Cancer Research 2:3, pages 290-298.
Crossref
Rajindar S. Sohal, Sergey Kamzalov, Nathalie Sumien, Melissa Ferguson, Igor Rebrin, Kevin R. Heinrich & Michael J. Forster. (2006) Effect of coenzyme Q10 intake on endogenous coenzyme Q content, mitochondrial electron transport chain, antioxidative defenses, and life span of mice. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 40:3, pages 480-487.
Crossref
Kenneth A. Conklin. (2016) Coenzyme Q10 for Prevention of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Integrative Cancer Therapies 4:2, pages 110-130.
Crossref
Maria Luisa Genova, Cristina Bianchi & Giorgio Lenaz. (2005) Supercomplex organization of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the role of the Coenzyme Q pool: Pathophysiological implications. BioFactors 25:1-4, pages 5-20.
Crossref
A. Galinier, A. Carrière, Y. Fernandez, A.M. Bessac, S. Caspar-Bauguil, B. Periquet, M. Comtat, J.P. Thouvenot & L. Casteilla. (2004) Biological validation of coenzyme Q redox state by HPLC-EC measurement: relationship between coenzyme Q redox state and coenzyme Q content in rat tissues. FEBS Letters 578:1-2, pages 53-57.
Crossref
Naoaki Ishii, Nanami Senoo-Matsuda, Kohichiro Miyake, Kayo Yasuda, Takamasa Ishii, Philip S. Hartman & Satoru Furukawa. (2004) Coenzyme Q10 can prolong C. elegans lifespan by lowering oxidative stress. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 125:1, pages 41-46.
Crossref
Sergey Kamzalov, Rajindar S. Sohal, Nathalie Sumien & Michael J. Forster. (2003) Coenzyme Q Intake Elevates the Mitochondrial and Tissue Levels of Coenzyme Q and α-Tocopherol in Young Mice. The Journal of Nutrition 133:10, pages 3175-3180.
Crossref
Anders Olsen, James N. Sampayo & Gordon J. Lithgow. 2003. Aging of Organisms. Aging of Organisms 163 199 .
Linda K Kwong, Sergey Kamzalov, Igor Rebrin, Anne-Cécile V Bayne, Chandan K Jana, Paul Morris, Michael J Forster & Rajindar S Sohal. (2002) Effects of coenzyme Q10 administration on its tissue concentrations, mitochondrial oxidant generation, and oxidative stress in the rat. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 33:5, pages 627-638.
Crossref
Pirjo Mattila & Jorma Kumpulainen. (2001) Coenzymes Q9and Q10: Contents in Foods and Dietary Intake. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 14:4, pages 409-417.
Crossref
Giorgio Lenaz. 2000. Coenzyme Q. Coenzyme Q 5 27 .
Christine Des Rosiers & Guy Rousseau. 2000. Coenzyme Q. Coenzyme Q 227 245 .
Silvia Barogi, Alessandra Baracca, Marika Cavazzoni, Giovanna Parenti Castelli & Giorgio Lenaz. (2000) Effect of the oxidative stress induced by adriamycin on rat hepatocyte bioenergetics during ageing. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 113:1, pages 1-21.
Crossref
Achim Lass, Michael J Forster & Rajindar S Sohal. (1999) Effects of coenzyme Q10 and ?-tocopherol administration on their tissue levels in the mouse: elevation of mitochondrial ?-tocopherol by coenzyme Q10. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 26:11-12, pages 1375-1382.
Crossref
Maria Luisa Genova, Elisa Bonacorsi, Marilena D'Aurelio, Gabriella Formiggini, Bruno Nardo, Salvatore Cuccomarino, Paola Turi, Milena Merlo Pich, Giorgio Lenaz & Carla Bovina. (1999) Protective effect of exogenous coenzyme Q in rats subjected to partial hepatic ischemia and reperfusion. BioFactors 9:2-4, pages 345-349.
Crossref
Kimmo L?nnrot, Jari-Petteri Tolvanen, Ilkka P?rsti, Tapani Ahola, Antti Hervonen & Hannu Alho. (1998) Coenzyme Q10 supplementation and recovery from ischemia in senescent rat myocardium. Life Sciences 64:5, pages 315-323.
Crossref
Giorgio Lenaz. (1998) Quinone specificity of Complex I. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1364:2, pages 207-221.
Crossref
G. Lenaz, G. Parenti Castelli, R. Fato, M. D'Aurelio, C. Bovina, G. Formiggini, M. Marchetti, E. Estornell & H. Rauchova. (1997) Coenzyme Q deficiency in mitochondria: Kinetic saturation versus physical saturation. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 18, pages 25-31.
Crossref
M. Battino, G. P. Littarru, A. Gorini & R. F. Villa. (1996) Coenzyme Q, peroxidation and cytochrome oxidase features after Parkinson's-like disease by MPTP toxicity in intra-synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria fromMacaca Fascicularis cerebral cortex and hippocampus: action of dihydroergocriptine. Neurochemical Research 21:12, pages 1505-1514.
Crossref
M. Battino, A. Gorini, R.F. Villa, M.L. Genova, C. Bovina, S. Sassi, G.P. Littarru & G. Lenaz. (1995) Coenzyme Q content in synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria from different brain regions in the ageing rat. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 78:3, pages 173-187.
Crossref
G. Lenaz, Carla Bovina, Cinzia Castelluccio, Marika Cavazzoni, E. Estornell, Romana Fato, J. R. Huertas, Milena Merlo Pich, F. Pallotti, Giovanna Parenti Castelli & Hana Rauchova. (1995) Modes of coenzyme Q function in electron transfer. Protoplasma 184:1-4, pages 50-62.
Crossref
M.L. Genova, C. Bovina, G. Formiggini, V. Ottani, S. Sassi & M. Marchetti. (1994) Uptake and distribution of exogenous CoQ in the mitochondrial fraction of perfused rat liver. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 15, pages s47-s55.
Crossref
R. F. Villa, R. Arnaboldi, B. Ghigini & A. Gorini. (1992) Mitochondrial factors involved in Parkinson's disease by MPTP toxicity inMacaca fascicularis and drug effect. Neurochemical Research 17:11, pages 1147-1154.
Crossref
E. Estornell, R. Fato, C. Castelluccio, M. Cavazzoni, G.Parenti Castelli & G. Lenaz. (1992) Saturation kinetics of coenzyme Q in NADH and succinate oxidation in beef heart mitochondria. FEBS Letters 311:2, pages 107-109.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.