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Original Research Articles

Efficacy of contraceptive methods: A review of the literature

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Pages 4-16 | Published online: 08 Feb 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (21)

Andrea R. Genazzani, Tiziana Fidecicchi, Domenico Arduini, Andrea Giannini & Tommaso Simoncini. (2023) Hormonal and natural contraceptives: a review on efficacy and risks of different methods for an informed choice. Gynecological Endocrinology 39:1.
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Kosmas Margaritis, Georgia Margioula-Siarkou, Chrysoula Margioula-Siarkou, Stamatios Petousis & Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou. (2023) Contraceptive methods in adolescence: a narrative review of guidelines. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 28:1, pages 51-57.
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Paul J. Ko, Mark A. Milad, Louis L. Radulovic & Don M. Gibson. (2022) Pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel and etonogestrel in rat or minipig following intravenous, subcutaneous, or intradermal administration. Xenobiotica 52:6, pages 575-582.
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Katrin Kurvits, Ott Laius, Maia Uusküla & Made Laanpere. (2021) Trends in the use of hormonal contraception in Estonia 2005–2019 and the risk of arterial and venous thromboembolism: a population-based study. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 26:5, pages 413-420.
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Ilan Baram, Arnon Aharon, Rinat Klein & Ketty Shkolnik. (2020) Real-world experience with the IUB Ballerine MIDI copper IUD: an observational, single-centre study in Israel. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 25:1, pages 49-53.
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Michal Yaron, Manuela Viviano, Cecile Guillot, Arnon Aharon & Ketty Shkolnik. (2019) Real-world experience with the IUB Ballerine MIDI copper IUD: an observational study in the French-speaking region of Switzerland. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 24:4, pages 288-293.
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Amanda López-Picado, Oihane Lapuente & Iñaki Lete. (2017) Efficacy and side-effects profile of the ethinylestradiol and etonogestrel contraceptive vaginal ring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 22:2, pages 131-146.
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David R. Friend. (2016) An update on multipurpose prevention technologies for the prevention of HIV transmission and pregnancy. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 13:4, pages 533-545.
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Kai Part, Inge Ringmets, Made Laanpere, Mati Rahu & Helle Karro. (2016) Contraceptive use among young women in Estonia: Association with contraceptive services. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 21:2, pages 132-140.
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Jeffrey T Jensen, Johannes Bitzer & Marco Serrani. (2013) Comparison of the pharmacologic and clinical profiles of new combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol. Open Access Journal of Contraception 4, pages 39-50.
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Anita Nelson, Susanne Parke, Dagmar Makalova, Marco Serrani, Santiago Palacios & Uwe Mellinger. (2013) Efficacy and bleeding profile of a combined oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest: A pooled analysis of three studies conducted in North America and Europe. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 18:4, pages 264-273.
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Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Pirjo Inki & Oskari Heikinheimo. (2013) Safety and efficacy of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system: recent insights. Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology 8:3, pages 235-247.
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Zlatko Pastor, Katerina Holla & Roman Chmel. (2013) The influence of combined oral contraceptives on female sexual desire: A systematic review. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 18:1, pages 27-43.
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Stefano Palomba, Angela Falbo, Annalisa Di Cello, Caterina Materazzo & Fulvio Zullo. (2012) Nexplanon: the new implant for long-term contraception. A comprehensive descriptive review. Gynecological Endocrinology 28:9, pages 710-721.
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Teresa Bombas, Ana Rosa Costa, Fátima Palma, Lisa Vicente, José Luís Sá, Ana Maria Nogueira & Sofia Andrade. (2012) Knowledge-attitude-practice survey among Portuguese gynaecologists regarding combined hormonal contraceptives methods. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 17:2, pages 128-134.
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Mary Short, Dominique Dallay, Salmon Omokanye, Jens Ulrich Hanisch & Pirjo Inki. (2012) Acceptability of the levonorgestrel releasing-intrauterine system and etonogestrel implant: One-year results of an observational study. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 17:1, pages 79-88.
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. (2011) The Reproductive Health Report: The state of sexual and reproductive health within the European Union. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 16:sup1, pages S1-S70.
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Diana Mansour, Pirjo Inki & Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson. (2010) Efficacy of natural family planning methods. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 15:5, pages 381-382.
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Günter Freundl. (2010) Efficacy of natural family planning methods. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 15:5, pages 380-381.
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Françoise Soler & Enriqueta Barranco-Castillo. (2010) The symptothermal (double check) method: An efficient natural method of family planning. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 15:5, pages 379-380.
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Articles from other publishers (74)

Sarah Anne Howard & Soumya Rahima Benhabbour. (2023) Non-Hormonal Contraception. Journal of Clinical Medicine 12:14, pages 4791.
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Ziad Fajloun, Ziad Abi Khattar, Hervé Kovacic, Christian Legros & Jean-Marc Sabatier. (2023) Anti-COVID-19 Vaccination, COVID-19, and Female Contraception: The Exacerbated Risks (Thromboembolism) of the Estrogen-progestin Pill. Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 23:4.
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M. R. Dumanovskaya & G. I. Tabeeva. (2023) Modern women choose contraceptive vaginal ring. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council:6, pages 144-149.
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. (2023) FSRH Guideline (March 2023) Intrauterine contraception. BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 49:Suppl 1, pages 1-142.
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Ulrike Schimpf, Erika Caldas-Silveira, Ljudmila KatchanCécile Vigier-Carriere, Isabelle Lantier, Gilai Nachmann, Sebastian Gidlöf, Aino Fianu Jonasson, Lars Björndahl, Stéphane Trombotto, Xavier Druart & Thomas Crouzier. (2022) Topical reinforcement of the cervical mucus barrier to sperm. Science Translational Medicine 14:673.
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Purnesh Chattopadhyay, Veronika Magdanz, María Hernández-Meliá, Konstantin B. L. Borchert, Dana Schwarz & Juliane Simmchen. (2022) Size‐Dependent Inhibition of Sperm Motility by Copper Particles as a Path toward Male Contraception. Advanced NanoBiomed Research 2:7.
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Guglielmo Stabile, Carmelina Foti, Denise Mordeglia, Davide De Santo, Francesco Paolo Mangino, Antonio Simone Laganà & Giuseppe Ricci. (2022) Alternative Insertion Site of Nexplanon: Description of a Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of Clinical Medicine 11:11, pages 3226.
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Mingzhe Yan, Yanming Zhang, Zhihang Wu, Yifei Li, Keke Dou, Banghui Wang, Yingruo Wang & Qihui Zhou. (2022) Recent progress in advanced biomaterials for long-acting reversible contraception. Journal of Nanobiotechnology 20:1.
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Shauntell Luke, Kateena Addae-Konadu, Brittany Davidson, Jeffrey Kuller & Sarah Dotters-Katz. (2022) Benefits and Risks of Bilateral Salpingectomy Compared With Standard Tubal Ligation During Cesarean Delivery for Permanent Postpartum Contraception. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 77:3, pages 167-173.
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Hyejin Park. (2022) Association between Oral Contraceptive Use and the High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Level in Premenopausal Korean Women. Healthcare 10:2, pages 361.
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Linying Li, Gregory J. Gatto, Rhonda M. Brand, Sai Archana Krovi, Mackenzie L. Cottrell, Chasity Norton, Ariane van der Straten & Leah M. Johnson. (2021) Long-acting biodegradable implant for sustained delivery of antiretrovirals (ARVs) and hormones. Journal of Controlled Release 340, pages 188-199.
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Yu Par Khin, Nobutoshi Nawa, Takeo Fujiwara & Pamela J. Surkan. (2021) Access to contraceptive services among Myanmar women living in Japan: A qualitative study. Contraception 104:5, pages 538-546.
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Dalya Thamer Ahmed. (2021) The Prevalence and Side Effect of Nexplanon in Baghdad. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10:43, pages 3689-3693.
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Hyejin Park & Kisok Kim. (2021) Trends and Factors Associated with Oral Contraceptive Use among Korean Women. Healthcare 9:10, pages 1386.
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Zoé Bürger, Anna Magdalena Bucher, Erika Comasco, Melanie Henes, Stephanie Hübner, Lydia Kogler & Birgit Derntl. (2021) Association of levonorgestrel intrauterine devices with stress reactivity, mental health, quality of life and sexual functioning: A systematic review. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 63, pages 100943.
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I. Frutos-Balibrea, M.I. Sánchez-Núñez, E.J. Pedrero-Pérez, A. Haro-León & M.T. Benítez-Robredo. (2021) Métodos anticonceptivos de larga duración en mujeres menores de 26 años. Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN 47:7, pages 457-464.
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Alejandro J. Paredes, Inken K. Ramöller, Peter E. McKenna, Marco T.A. Abbate, Fabiana Volpe-Zanutto, Lalitkumar K. Vora, Maggie Kilbourne-Brook, Courtney Jarrahian, Kurtis Moffatt, Chunyang Zhang, Ismaiel A. Tekko & Ryan F. Donnelly. (2021) Microarray patches: Breaking down the barriers to contraceptive care and HIV prevention for women across the globe. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 173, pages 331-348.
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Reham A. Halwani, Alyaa A. L. Hashem, Yasir B. Alhusseini, Hanan A. Assaggaf, Mohammed H. Hadadi, Sahar A. Alsayegh, Fatimah H. Althawab, Rawan A. Alhawal, Saleh Y. Albarakati, Atheer H. Alenazi & Alaa A. Alghamdi. (2021) An Overview 0n Family Planning, Methods and Latest Updates. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research And Allied Sciences 10:1, pages 60-66.
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Deniz Karaoğlan & Dürdane Şirin Saraçoğlu. (2020) Women’s socioeconomic status and choice of birth control method: an investigation for the case of Turkey. Journal of Biosocial Science 53:1, pages 137-156.
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Luis Bahamondes & M. Valeria Bahamondes. 2021. Female and Male Contraception. Female and Male Contraception 101 114 .
Luis Bahamondes, Arlete Fernandes, Ilza Monteiro & M. Valeria Bahamondes. (2020) Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARCs) methods. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 66, pages 28-40.
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J.K. Ihalainen, A.C. Hackney & R.S. Taipale. (2019) Changes in inflammation markers after a 10-week high-intensity combined strength and endurance training block in women: The effect of hormonal contraceptive use. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 22:9, pages 1044-1048.
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Magdalena Zgliczynska, Iwona Szymusik, Aleksandra Sierocinska, Armand Bajaka, Martyna Rowniak, Nicole Sochacki-Wojcicka, Miroslaw Wielgos & Katarzyna Kosinska-Kaczynska. (2019) Contraceptive Behaviors in Polish Women Aged 18–35—A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16:15, pages 2723.
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Pauline Bosco-Lévy, Amandine Gouverneur, Claire Langlade, Ghada Miremont & Antoine Pariente. (2019) Safety of levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine system compared to copper intrauterine device: a population-based cohort study. Contraception 99:6, pages 345-349.
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Lyndsey R. Buckner, Erma Z. Drobnis, Molly S. Augustine, Lynette K. Rogers, Jill Akers, Patricia D. Mott, Thomas J. Hope, Alison J. Quayle & Danny J. Schust. (2019) Cervical and systemic concentrations of long acting hormonal contraceptive (LARC) progestins depend on delivery method: Implications for the study of HIV transmission. PLOS ONE 14:5, pages e0214152.
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Kartik K. Venkatesh, Leslie H. Clark & David M. Stamilio. (2019) Cost-effectiveness of opportunistic salpingectomy vs tubal ligation at the time of cesarean delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 220:1, pages 106.e1-106.e10.
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A. Steel, J. Wardle, J. Frawley, J. Adams, D. Sibbritt & R. Lauche. (2018) Associations between complementary medicine utilisation and the use of contraceptive methods: Results of a national cross-sectional survey. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 33, pages 100-106.
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Anita Makins & Sabaratnam Arulkumaran. (2018) Institutionalization of postpartum intrauterine devices. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 143, pages 1-3.
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Ruth KB Mome, Alison B Wiyeh, Eugene J Kongnyuy & Charles Shey Wiysonge. (2018) Effectiveness of female condom in preventing HIV and sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 8:8, pages e023055.
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Oisin N. Kavanagh, Ahmad B. Albadarin, Denise M. Croker, Anne Marie Healy & Gavin M. Walker. (2018) Maximising success in multidrug formulation development: A review. Journal of Controlled Release 283, pages 1-19.
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Meghan S. Perkins, Renate Louw-du Toit & Donita Africander. (2017) A comparative characterization of estrogens used in hormone therapy via estrogen receptor (ER)-α and -β. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 174, pages 27-39.
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John Dimkpa Ojule & Emmanuel Okwudili Oranu. (2017) Combined Oral Contraceptive Use at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria: A-20 Year Review. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 05:06, pages 7-17.
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Christopher McConville, Ian Major, Brid Devlin & Andrew Brimer. (2016) Development of a multi-layered vaginal tablet containing dapivirine, levonorgestrel and acyclovir for use as a multipurpose prevention technology. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 104, pages 171-179.
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Yeruva Samrajya Lakshmi, Prashant Kumar, Golla Kishore, C Bhaskar & Anand K Kondapi. (2016) Triple combination MPT vaginal microbicide using curcumin and efavirenz loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles. Scientific Reports 6:1.
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Francisca Mart?nez, Ignacio Cristobal, Mercedes Andeyro, Inmaculada Parra, Esther Velasco & Jose C. Qu?lez. (2016) Jaydess?, una nueva opci?n anticonceptiva a largo plazo y reversible adecuada para mujeres j?venes. Medicina Reproductiva y Embriolog?a Cl?nica 3:1, pages 37-44.
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Marie-Soleil Wagner & Amanda Black. (2016) The Combined Contraceptive Vaginal Ring: an Update. Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports 5:1, pages 1-12.
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Dawn Miller. (2016) Guest Editorial: Equity in sexual and reproductive health – an ongoing challenge. Journal of Primary Health Care 8:1, pages 3.
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Waleed M Sweileh, Sa’ed H Zyoud, Samah W Al-Jabi & Ansam F Sawalha. (2015) Worldwide research productivity in emergency contraception: a bibliometric analysis. Fertility Research and Practice 1:1.
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O. Kakaire, J. K. Byamugisha, N. M. Tumwesigye & K. Gemzell-Danielsson. (2015) Clinical versus laboratory screening for sexually transmitted infections prior to insertion of intrauterine contraception among women living with HIV/AIDS: a randomized controlled trial. Human Reproduction 30:7, pages 1573-1579.
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Klaas Heinemann, Suzanne Reed, Sabine Moehner & Thai Do Minh. (2015) Comparative contraceptive effectiveness of levonorgestrel-releasing and copper intrauterine devices: the European Active Surveillance Study for Intrauterine Devices. Contraception 91:4, pages 280-283.
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Julie Craik & Louise Melvin. 2015. Medicines For Women. Medicines For Women 141 180 .
Heather Straub, Marci Adams & Richard K. Silver. (2014) Can an Electronic Health Record System be Used for Preconception Health Optimization?. Maternal and Child Health Journal 18:9, pages 2134-2140.
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Wen Ting Tong, Wah Yun Low, Yut Lin Wong, Sim Poey Choong & Ravindran Jegasothy. (2013) A Qualitative Exploration of Contraceptive Practice and Decision Making of Malaysian Women Who Had Induced Abortion. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 26:5, pages 536-545.
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Myat E. Arrowsmith, Azeem Majeed, John Tayu Lee & Sonia Saxena. (2014) Impact of Pay for Performance on Prescribing of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception in Primary Care: An Interrupted Time Series Study. PLoS ONE 9:4, pages e92205.
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Uzun?akmak Cihangir, Akbay Ebru, Ekin Murat & Ya?ar Levent. (2013) Mechanism of action of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 123:2, pages 146-149.
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Dominique Van Schoubroeck, Thierry Van den Bosch, Lieveke Ameye, Joan Veldman, An Hindryckx, Erika Werbrouck & Dirk Timmerman. (2013) Pain and bleeding pattern related to levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) insertion. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 171:1, pages 154-156.
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Antonia Pijuan-Dom?nech, Francesc Bar?-Marin?Mireia Rojas-Torrijos, Laura Dos-Subir?Valle Pedrosa-Del Moral, Maria Teresa Subirana-Dom?nech, Maria Goya-Canino, Luis Cabero-Roura, David Garcia-Dorado & Jaume Casald?liga-Ferrer. (2013) Usefulness of Progesterone-Only Components for Contraception in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease. The American Journal of Cardiology 112:4, pages 590-593.
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Diana Greene Foster, M. Antonia Biggs, Daniel Grossman & Eleanor Bimla Schwarz. (2013) Interest in a pericoital pill among women in family planning and abortion clinics. Contraception 88:1, pages 141-146.
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