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Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology Volume 22, 1984 - Issue 4
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Research Article

The Cyanide Content of Laetrile Preparations, Apricot, Peach and Apple Seeds

Michaela D. Holzbecher Departments of Pathology Victoria General Hospital, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
,
Michael A. Moss RCMP Crime Detection Laboratory, 3151 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 5L9
&
Herman A. Ellenberger Departments of Pathology Victoria General Hospital, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Pages 341-347 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

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Ji-Yoon Moon, Sang-Won Kim, Gi-Mok Yun, Hyeon-Sik Lee, Yoon-Dong Kim, Gie-Joon Jeong, Imran Ullah, Gyu-Jin Rho & Byeong-Gyun Jeon. (2015) Inhibition of cell growth and down-regulation of telomerase activity by amygdalin in human cancer cell lines. Animal Cells and Systems 19:5, pages 295-304.
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Nazan Karsavuran, Mohammad Charehsaz, Hayati Celik, Bayram Murat Asma, Cengiz Yakıncı & Ahmet Aydın. (2014) Amygdalin in bitter and sweet seeds of apricots. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 96:10, pages 1564-1570.
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Peter Cressey, Darren Saunders & Janet Goodman. (2013) Cyanogenic glycosides in plant-based foods available in New Zealand. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 30:11, pages 1946-1953.
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Walter Majak. (1992) Mammalian Metabolism of Toxic Glycosides from Plants. Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews 11:1, pages 1-40.
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Articles from other publishers (31)

Wiem Bouali, Müjgan Yaman, Nurgül Seferoğlu & Zeynel Seferoğlu. (2024) Colorimetric and fluorimetric detection of CN– ion using a highly selective and sensitive chemosensor derived from coumarin-hydrazone. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 448, pages 115227.
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Sukanya Paul, Suvendu Maity, Satyajit Halder, Basudeb Dutta, Srikanta Jana, Kuladip Jana & Chittaranjan Sinha. (2022) Idiosyncatic recognition of Zn 2+ and CN − using pyrazolyl-hydroxy-coumarin scaffold and live cell imaging: depiction of luminescent Zn( ii )-metallocryptand . Dalton Transactions 51:8, pages 3198-3212.
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Gülsah DEMİR, Şefika BARDAK, Lala DADASHOVA, Necmi YÜKSEL, Pelin ELİBOL, Alper ÇİÇEK & Emel BERKSOY. (2021) Ensefalit Ön Tanısından Zehirlenmeye: Akut Siyanür Zehirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease, pages 1-3.
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Bahman Moradipoodeh, Mostafa Jamalan, Majid Zeinali, Masood Fereidoonnezhad & Ghorban Mohammadzadeh. (2020) Specific targeting of HER2-positive human breast carcinoma SK-BR-3 cells by amygdaline-ZHER2 affibody conjugate. Molecular Biology Reports 47:9, pages 7139-7151.
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Sarah Albogami, Aziza Hassan, Nibal Ahmed, Alaa Alnefaie, Afnan Alattas, Lama Alquthami & Afaf Alharbi. (2020) Evaluation of the effective dose of amygdalin for the improvement of antioxidant gene expression and suppression of oxidative damage in mice. PeerJ 8, pages e9232.
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Nicola Bates. (2019) Autumn plant poisoning hazards. Livestock 24:5, pages 239-245.
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Tahir Dalkiran, Yasar Kandur, Mustafa Ozaslan, Can Acipayam & Seref Olgar. (2018) Role of Hemodialysis in the Management of Cyanide Intoxication From Apricot Kernels in a 3-Year-Old Child. Pediatric Emergency Care Publish Ahead of Print.
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Somenath Lohar, Koushik Dhara, Priya Roy, Santi P. Sinha Babu & Pabitra Chattopadhyay. (2018) Highly Sensitive Ratiometric Chemosensor and Biomarker for Cyanide Ions in the Aqueous Medium. ACS Omega 3:8, pages 10145-10153.
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Murat Özcan, Fatma Begüm Tokatlıoğlu Özcan, Yüksel Yaşartekin, Halime Yavuz & Serdar Ümit Sarıcı. (2017) Kayısı çekirdeğine bağlı akut siyanür zehirlenmesi. Cukurova Medical Journal (Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi) 42:3, pages 600-601.
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Alex Konstantatos, Malini Shiv Kumar, Aidan Burrell & Joel Smith. (2017) An unusual presentation of chronic cyanide toxicity from self-prescribed apricot kernel extract. BMJ Case Reports, pages bcr-2017-220814.
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Eva Tušimová, Katarína Zbyňovská, Anton Kováčik, Katarína Michalcová, Marek Halenár, Anna Kolesárová, Jana Kopčeková, Jozef Valuch & Adriana Kolesárová. (2017) Human Urine Alterations Caused by Apricot Seeds Consumption. Advanced Research in Life Sciences 1:1, pages 68-74.
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Eva Tušimová, Anton Kováčik, Marek Halenár, Katarí­na Michalcová, Katarí­na Zbyňovská, Anna Kolesárová, Jana Kopčeková, Jozef Valuch & Adriana Kolesárová. (2017) Does apricot seeds consumption cause changes in human urine?. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 11:1, pages 244-251.
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Atanaska TodorovaMargarita PeshevaIvan IlievKrum BardarovTeodora Todorova. (2017) Antimutagenic, Antirecombinogenic, and Antitumor Effect of Amygdalin in a Yeast Cell–Based Test and Mammalian Cell Lines. Journal of Medicinal Food 20:4, pages 360-366.
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Nicola Bates. (2016) Acute plant poisoning in goats. Livestock 21:5, pages 300-306.
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Parisa Gholamzadeh, Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani, Negar Lashgari, Alireza Badiei, Alireza Shayesteh & Maryam Jafari. (2016) A Simple Colorimetric Chemosensor for Naked Eye Detection of Cyanide Ion. Journal of Fluorescence 26:5, pages 1857-1864.
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Giorgio Volpi. (2016) Demonstrating the Presence of Cyanide in Bitter Seeds while Helping Students Visualize Metal–Cyanide Reduction and Formation in a Copper Complex Reaction. Journal of Chemical Education 93:5, pages 891-897.
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Hye Min Lee & Aree Moon. (2016) Amygdalin Regulates Apoptosis and Adhesion in Hs578T Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules & Therapeutics 24:1, pages 62-66.
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Islamiyat F. Bolarinwa, Caroline Orfila & Michael R.A. Morgan. (2015) Determination of amygdalin in apple seeds, fresh apples and processed apple juices. Food Chemistry 170, pages 437-442.
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Islamiyat F. Bolarinwa, Caroline Orfila & Michael R.A. Morgan. (2014) Amygdalin content of seeds, kernels and food products commercially-available in the UK. Food Chemistry 152, pages 133-139.
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Libing Wang. (2013) Properties of Manchurian apricot (Prunus mandshurica Skv.) and Siberian apricot (Prunus sibirica L.) seed kernel oils and evaluation as biodiesel feedstocks. Industrial Crops and Products 50, pages 838-843.
Crossref
Muhammed Akıl, Avni Kaya, Lokman Üstyol, Fesih Aktar & Sinan Akbayram. (2013) Acute Cyanide Intoxication Due To Apricot Seed Ingestion. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 44:2, pages e285-e286.
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Libing Wang. (2012) Evaluation of Siberian Apricot ( Prunus sibirica L.) Germplasm Variability for Biodiesel Properties . Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 89:9, pages 1743-1747.
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Manal K Abdel-Rahman. (2011) Can apricot kernels fatty acids delay the atrophied hepatocytes from progression to fibrosis in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver injury in rats?. Lipids in Health and Disease 10:1, pages 114.
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Donald G. Barceloux. (2009) Cyanogenic Foods (Cassava, Fruit Kernels, and Cycad Seeds). Disease-a-Month 55:6, pages 336-352.
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Donald G. Barceloux. 2008. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances 44 53 .
Donald G. Barceloux. 2008. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances 760 767 .
Michael J. Fasco, Charles R. Hauer, Robert F. Stack, Colleen O'Hehir, John R. Barr & George A. Eadon. (2007) Cyanide Adducts with Human Plasma Proteins:  Albumin as a Potential Exposure Surrogate. Chemical Research in Toxicology 20:4, pages 677-684.
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Eyleen Araya, Alex Rodriguez, Jaime Rubio, Alessandro Spada, Jesus Joglar, Amadeu Llebaria, Carmen Lagunas, Andres G. Fernandez, Susanna Spisani & Juan J. Perez. (2005) Synthesis and evaluation of diverse analogs of amygdalin as potential peptidomimetics of peptide T. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 15:5, pages 1493-1496.
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Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens, Martijn J. Martena, Marelle G. Boersma, Wim Spiegelenberg & Gerrit M. Alink. (2005) Molecular mechanisms of toxicity of important food-borne phytotoxins. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 49:2, pages 131-158.
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Jeffrey R Suchard, Kevin L Wallace & Richard D Gerkin. (1998) Acute Cyanide Toxicity Caused by Apricot Kernel Ingestion. Annals of Emergency Medicine 32:6, pages 742-744.
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Alan H Hall & Barry H Rumack. (1986) Clinical toxicology of cyanide. Annals of Emergency Medicine 15:9, pages 1067-1074.
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