2,210
Views
87
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Pharmacological Aspects

Pharmacologic treatments for opioid dependence: detoxification and maintenance options

Tratamientos farmacológicos para la dependencia de opioides: opciones para la detoxificación y el mantenimiento

Traitements pharmacologiques de la dépendance aux opioïdes: détoxification et traitement d'entretien

Pages 455-470 | Published online: 01 Apr 2022

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (12)

Mahboobe Bahrami, Gholamreza Kheirabadi, Arezoo Safari & Mohammad R. Maracy. (2023) Effect of add-on amantadine to clonidine on opioid withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent patients detoxified with buprenorphine: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Substance Use 28:6, pages 938-944.
Read now
Stanley Nkemjika, Terrence Tumenta, Laura Salazar & Ike S. Okosun. (2023) Waiting times disparities for medication-assisted therapy among opioid use disorder treatment population in the United States. Journal of Addictive Diseases 41:4, pages 322-333.
Read now
Danesh Alam, Carlos Tirado, Mark Pirner & Thomas Clinch. (2020) Efficacy of lofexidine for mitigating opioid withdrawal symptoms: results from two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Journal of Drug Assessment 9:1, pages 13-19.
Read now
Walter Ling, Steve Shoptaw & David Goodman-Meza. (2019) Depot Buprenorphine Injection In The Management Of Opioid Use Disorder: From Development To Implementation. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation 10, pages 69-78.
Read now
Gregory Rudolf, Jim Walsh, Abigail Plawman, Paul Gianutsos, William Alto, Lloyd Mancl & Vania Rudolf. (2018) A novel non-opioid protocol for medically supervised opioid withdrawal and transition to antagonist treatment. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 44:3, pages 302-309.
Read now
Daniel Ayanga, Daryl Shorter & Thomas R. Kosten. (2016) Update on pharmacotherapy for treatment of opioid use disorder. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 17:17, pages 2307-2318.
Read now
Evgeny Krupitsky, Edwin Zvartau, Elena Blokhina, Elena Verbitskaya, Valentina Wahlgren, Marina Tsoy-Podosenin, Natalia Bushara, Andrey Burakov, Dmitry Masalov, Tatyana Romanova, Arina Tyurina, Vladimir Palatkin, Tatyana Yaroslavtseva, Anna Pecoraro & George Woody. (2016) Anhedonia, depression, anxiety, and craving in opiate dependent patients stabilized on oral naltrexone or an extended release naltrexone implant. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 42:5, pages 614-620.
Read now
Prabhoo Dayal, Yatan Pal Singh Balhara & Ashwani Kumar Mishra. (2016) An open label naturalistic study of predictors of retention and compliance to naltrexone maintenance treatment among patients with opioid dependence. Journal of Substance Use 21:3, pages 309-316.
Read now
Farzaneh Tabassomi, Mehran Zarghami, Mohammad-Reza Shiran, Samaneh Farnia & Mohsen Davoodi. (2016) Opium tincture versus methadone syrup in management of acute raw opium withdrawal: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Journal of Addictive Diseases 35:1, pages 8-14.
Read now
Robert Taylor$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Robert B Raffa & Joseph V Pergolizzi$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2011) Naltrexone extended-release injection: an option for the management of opioid abuse. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation 2, pages 219-226.
Read now
Paolo Mannelli, Kathleen S Peindl & Li-Tzy Wu. (2011) Pharmacological enhancement of naltrexone treatment for opioid dependence: a review. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation 2, pages 113-123.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (75)

Joanne Neale, Stephen Parkin & John Strang. (2023) How do patients feel during the first 72 h after initiating long‐acting injectable buprenorphine? An embodied qualitative analysis. Addiction 118:7, pages 1329-1339.
Crossref
Dersu Ozdemir, Florence Allain, Brigitte L. Kieffer & Emmanuel Darcq. (2023) Advances in the characterization of negative affect caused by acute and protracted opioid withdrawal using animal models. Neuropharmacology 232, pages 109524.
Crossref
Rita Tabanelli, Simone Brogi & Vincenzo Calderone. (2023) Targeting Opioid Receptors in Addiction and Drug Withdrawal: Where Are We Going?. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24:13, pages 10888.
Crossref
Shiv Gazi Yücel, Christopher D. Higgins, Kumar Gupta & Matthew Palm. (2023) Public transport access to drug treatment before and during COVID-19: Implications for the opioid epidemic. International Journal of Drug Policy 116, pages 104032.
Crossref
Elizabeth McCord, Charlotte Van Hale & Yi-Lang Tang. 2023. Substance Use and Addiction Research. Substance Use and Addiction Research 349 367 .
A. Benjamin Srivastava, Frances R. Levin & Edward V. Nunes. 2020. Tasman’s Psychiatry. Tasman’s Psychiatry 1 28 .
Mark K. Greenwald, Samiran Ghosh & Joe R. Winston. (2022) A randomized, sham-controlled, quintuple-blinded trial to evaluate the NET device as an alternative to medication for promoting opioid abstinence. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications 30, pages 101018.
Crossref
Savitha Racha, Megan Buresh & Michael Fingerhood. (2022) Pharmacotherapy of Opioid Use Disorder—Update and Current Challenges. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 45:3, pages 335-346.
Crossref
Nicole J. Brandt. (2022) Opioid Use Disorder and Older Adults: Navigating Treatment Options. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 48:7, pages 4-9.
Crossref
Yang Lv, Man-yi Jing, Pei-yun Li, Tai-yun Zhao, Chong Pang, Guan-yi Lu, Zhi-yuan Wang, Ning Wu, Gang Hu, Rui Song & Jin Li. (2022) Aquaporin-4 deletion attenuates opioid-induced addictive behaviours associated with dopamine levels in nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 208, pages 108986.
Crossref
Tyler Marshall, Myles Hancock, Elizabeth N. Kinnard, Karin Olson, Adam Abba-Aji, Katherine Rittenbach, Jonathan N. Stea, Robert Tanguay & Sunita Vohra. (2022) Treatment options and shared decision-making in the treatment of opioid use disorder: A scoping review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 135, pages 108646.
Crossref
Frank Breve, Lisa Batastini, Jo Ann K LeQuang & Gina Marchando. (2022) Mobile Narcotic Treatment Programs: On the Road Again?. Cureus.
Crossref
Michael Sobin, Liem Ngo, Danielle Lawrence & Abigail Kirwen. (2022) Managing Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Precipitated by Anesthesia-assisted Rapid Opioid Detoxification: A Case Report. Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 6:1, pages 37-40.
Crossref
Arshiya Fathima, MinhajZafar Nasirabadi, Arifuddin Ahmed & Mazher Ali. (2022) Repurposed oral tapentadol as an intravenous drug of abuse in opioid dependence. Telangana Journal of Psychiatry 8:2, pages 116.
Crossref
Vikas Menon, Ramdas Ransing & SamirKumar Praharaj. (2022) Management of psychiatric disorders in patients with hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 64:8, pages 379.
Crossref
Ali Jerjir, Lisa Goudman, Jean-Pierre Van Buyten, Ann De Smedt, Iris Smet, Marieke Devos & Maarten Moens. (2022) Detoxification of Neuromodulation-Eligible Patients by a Standardized Protocol: A Retrospective Pilot Study. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface 25:1, pages 114-120.
Crossref
Serenella Tolomeo, J. Douglas Steele, Hamed Ekhtiari & Alex Baldacchino. (2021) Chronic heroin use disorder and the brain: Current evidence and future implications. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 111, pages 110148.
Crossref
Gholamreza Kheirabadi, Narges Najafian & Farinaz Khodadadi. (2021) The Effect of Adding Memantine to Clonidine in Reducing Withdrawal Symptoms in Opioid-Dependent Patients. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 41:6, pages 644-649.
Crossref
Joan E. Zweben, James L. Sorensen, Mallory Shingle & Christopher K. Blazes. (2021) Discontinuing Methadone and Buprenorphine: A Review and Clinical Challenges. Journal of Addiction Medicine 15:6, pages 454-460.
Crossref
Mark David Tricklebank, Trevor W. Robbins, Camilla Simmons & Erik H. F. Wong. (2021) Time to re-engage psychiatric drug discovery by strengthening confidence in preclinical psychopharmacology. Psychopharmacology 238:6, pages 1417-1436.
Crossref
Noa Krawczyk, Brady Garrett, N. Jia Ahmad, Esita Patel, Keisha Solomon, Elizabeth A. Stuart & Brendan Saloner. (2021) Medications for opioid use disorder among American Indians and Alaska natives: Availability and use across a national sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 220, pages 108512.
Crossref
Bahadir Demir & Abdurrahman Altindag. (2021) Is There a Relationship Between Heroin Dependence and Anemia?. Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment 20:4, pages 226-232.
Crossref
T. Cameron Wild, Fadi Hammal, Myles Hancock, Nathan T. Bartlett, Kerri Kaiser Gladwin, Denise Adams, Alexandra Loverock & David C. Hodgins. (2021) Forty-eight years of research on psychosocial interventions in the treatment of opioid use disorder: A scoping review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 218, pages 108434.
Crossref
Zoe M. Weinstein & Honora Englander. 2021. Treating Opioid Use Disorder in General Medical Settings. Treating Opioid Use Disorder in General Medical Settings 43 56 .
Jonathan Ek, William Jacobs, Brett Kaylor & W. Vaughn McCall. 2021. Cannabinoids and Sleep. Cannabinoids and Sleep 163 171 .
Kaushal Shah, Billy Stout & Hunter Caskey. (2020) Tramadol for the Management of Opioid Withdrawal: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Cureus.
Crossref
Brittany B. Dennis, Daud Akhtar, George Cholankeril, Donghee Kim, Nitika Sanger, Alannah Hillmer, Caroul Chawar, Alessia D’Elia, Balpreet Panesar, Andrew Worster, David C. Marsh, Lehana Thabane, Zainab Samaan & Aijaz Ahmed. (2020) The impact of chronic liver disease in patients receiving active pharmacological therapy for opioid use disorder: One-year findings from a prospective cohort study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 209, pages 107917.
Crossref
Susan Salmond, Virginia Allread & Robert Marsh. (2019) Management of Opioid Use Disorder Treatment. Orthopaedic Nursing 38:2, pages 118-126.
Crossref
Sharon Vipler, Kanna Hayashi, M.-J. Milloy, Evan Wood, Ekaterina Nosova, Thomas Kerr & Lianping Ti. (2018) Use of withdrawal management services among people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 13:1.
Crossref
Leila Ahmad-Molaei, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Fariba Farnaghi, Carlos Tomaz & Abbas Haghparast. (2018) Delay-Dependent Impairments in Memory and Motor Functions After Acute Methadone Overdose in Rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology 9.
Crossref
Andrew J. Saxon, Sarah C. Akerman, Chih‐Chin Liu, Maria A. Sullivan, Bernard L. Silverman & Frank J. Vocci. (2018) Extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) for opioid use disorder in clinical practice: Vivitrol's Cost and Treatment Outcomes Registry. Addiction 113:8, pages 1477-1487.
Crossref
Davorka SutlovicZeljko KljucevicLivia Sliskovic, Helena SusnjarIvo ViskovicMarija Definis-Gojanovic. (2018) Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A 15-year Retrospective Study in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 40:4, pages 486-494.
Crossref
Deborah C. Mash, Linda Duque, Bryan Page & Kathleen Allen-Ferdinand. (2018) Ibogaine Detoxification Transitions Opioid and Cocaine Abusers Between Dependence and Abstinence: Clinical Observations and Treatment Outcomes. Frontiers in Pharmacology 9.
Crossref
Travis I. Lovejoy, Benjamin J. Morasco, Michael I. Demidenko, Thomas H. A. Meath & Steven K. Dobscha. (2018) Clinician Referrals for Non-opioid Pain Care Following Discontinuation of Long-term Opioid Therapy Differ Based on Reasons for Discontinuation. Journal of General Internal Medicine 33:S1, pages 24-30.
Crossref
An-Li Wang, Steven B. Lowen, Igor Elman, Zhenhao Shi, Victoria P. Fairchild, Alexander Bouril, Ruben C. Gur & Daniel D. Langleben. (2018) Sustained opioid antagonism modulates striatal sensitivity to baby schema in opioid use disorder. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 85, pages 70-77.
Crossref
E. M. Krupitsky, E. E. Zvartau, E. A. Blokhina, E. V. Verbitskaya, V. Yu. Wahlgren, M. V. Tsoy-podosenin, N. M. Bushara, A. M. Burakov, D. V. Masalov, T. N. Romanova, A. A. Tiurina, V. Ya. Palatkin, T. S. Yaroslavtseva, G. Yu. Sulimov, A. Pecoraro & G. Woody. (2018) Anhedonia, depression, anxiety, and craving in opioid dependent patients stabilized on oral naltrexone or naltrexone implant. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova 118:1, pages 26.
Crossref
Kevin P. Hill, Matthew D. Palastro, Staci A. Gruber, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice, Shelly F. Greenfield, Scott E. Lukas & Roger D. Weiss. (2017) Nabilone pharmacotherapy for cannabis dependence: A randomized, controlled pilot study. The American Journal on Addictions 26:8, pages 795-801.
Crossref
Pierre Beaulieu. (2017) Anesthetic implications of recreational drug useImplications anesthésiques de l’usage de drogues dans un but récréatif. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 64:12, pages 1236-1264.
Crossref
Evgeny Krupitsky, Elena Blokhina, Edwin Zvartau & George Woody. (2017) Antagonist Treatment for Opioid Dependence: Promise and Hurdles. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry 4:2, pages 221-230.
Crossref
Corey Hassell, Kirsten Wilkins & Louis A. Trevisan. (2017) Pharmacology of Geriatric Substance Use Disorders: Considerations and Future Directions. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry 4:1, pages 102-115.
Crossref
Atul Ambekar, Pratima Murthy, Debasish Basu, GPrasad Rao & Ashwin Mohan. (2017) Challenges in the scale-up of opioid substitution treatment in India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 59:1, pages 6.
Crossref
Kelly Bossenbroek Fedoriw. 2017. Family Medicine. Family Medicine 773 785 .
David H. GustafsonSrSr, Gina Landucci, Fiona McTavish, Rachel Kornfield, Roberta A. Johnson, Marie-Louise Mares, Ryan P. Westergaard, Andrew Quanbeck, Esra Alagoz, Klaren Pe-Romashko, Chantelle Thomas & Dhavan Shah. (2016) The effect of bundling medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction with mHealth: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials 17:1.
Crossref
Daniel Nicoara, Yangmiao Zhang, Jordan T. Nelson, Abigail L. Brewer, Prianka Maharaj, Shea N. DeWald, Donald Y. Shirachi & Raymond M. Quock. (2016) Hyperbaric oxygen treatment suppresses withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent mice. Brain Research 1648, pages 434-437.
Crossref
George E. Woody, Evgeny Krupitsky & Edwin Zvartau. (2016) Antagonist Models for Relapse Prevention and Reducing HIV Risk. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology 11:3, pages 401-407.
Crossref
Wei‐Hsuan Lo‐Ciganic, Walid F. Gellad, Adam J. Gordon, Gerald Cochran, Michael A. Zemaitis, Terri Cathers, David Kelley & Julie M. Donohue. (2016) Association between trajectories of buprenorphine treatment and emergency department and in‐patient utilization. Addiction 111:5, pages 892-902.
Crossref
Michael D. Stein, Megan M. Risi, Genie L. Bailey & Bradley J. Anderson. (2016) Linkage to Primary Care for Persons First Receiving Injectable Naltrexone During Inpatient Opioid Detoxification. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 64, pages 44-46.
Crossref
M Munim. (2016) Risks of Methadone use as Substitute Therapy for Opioid Addiction during Pregnancy and use of Clonidine as a Plausible Alternative. Journal of Addiction Medicine and Therapeutic Science, pages 005-009.
Crossref
Sarah J. Cousins, Seyed Ramin Radfar, Desirée Crèvecoeur-MacPhail, Alfonso Ang, Kendall Darfler & Richard A. Rawson. (2016) Predictors of Continued Use of Extended-Released Naltrexone (XR-NTX) for Opioid-Dependence: An Analysis of Heroin and Non-Heroin Opioid Users in Los Angeles County. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 63, pages 66-71.
Crossref
Georgios Kourounis, Brian David Wensley Richards, Evdokia Kyprianou, Eva Symeonidou, Minerva-Melpomeni Malliori & Lampros Samartzis. (2016) Opioid substitution therapy: Lowering the treatment thresholds. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 161, pages 1-8.
Crossref
Hai-Yu Yang, Bhushan Vijay Nagpure & Jin-Song Bian. 2016. Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse. Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse 449 456 .
Petra Jacobs, Alfonso Ang, Maureen P. Hillhouse, Andrew J. Saxon, Suzanne Nielsen, Paul G. Wakim, Barbara E. Mai, Larissa J. Mooney, Jennifer S. Potter & Jack D. Blaine. (2015) Treatment outcomes in opioid dependent patients with different buprenorphine/naloxone induction dosing patterns and trajectories. The American Journal on Addictions 24:7, pages 667-675.
Crossref
Brandon S. Bentzley, Kelly S. Barth, Sudie E. Back, Garrett Aronson & Sarah W. Book. (2015) Patient Perspectives Associated with Intended Duration of Buprenorphine Maintenance Therapy. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 56, pages 48-53.
Crossref
Kelly E. Dunn, Kathryn A. Saulsgiver, Mollie E. Miller, Paul A. Nuzzo & Stacey C. Sigmon. (2015) Characterizing opioid withdrawal during double-blind buprenorphine detoxification. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 151, pages 47-55.
Crossref
S.-Y. Lee, S.-L. Chen, Y.-H. Chang, C.-H. Chu, S.-H. Chen, P. S. Chen, S.-Y. Huang, N.-S. Tzeng, L.-J. Wang, I. H. Lee, T.-Y. Wang, K. C. Chen, Y. K. Yang, J.-S. Hong & R.-B. Lu. (2015) A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Dextromethorphan as an Adjunct in Opioid-Dependent Patients Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 18:7, pages pyv008-pyv008.
Crossref
Brandon S. Bentzley, Kelly S. Barth, Sudie E. Back & Sarah W. Book. (2015) Discontinuation of Buprenorphine Maintenance Therapy: Perspectives and Outcomes. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 52, pages 48-57.
Crossref
E. M. Krupitsky, E. A. Blokhina, E. E. Zvartau, V. E. Verbitskaya, E. M. Bushara, A. A. Tiurina, V. Ya. Palatkin, T. S. Yaroslavtseva, A. M. Burakov, D. V. Masalov, T. N. Romanova, A. Ya. Grininko, R. Sinha & T. Kosten. (2015) A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of the combined treatment with naltrexone and guanfacine for relapse prevention in opiate dependence. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova 115:10, pages 39.
Crossref
Evgeny Krupitsky, Edwin Zvartau & George Woody. 2015. Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspectives. Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspectives 521 530 .
Fedoriw Kelly Bossenbroek. 2014. Family Medicine. Family Medicine 1 14 .
M. J. F. Robinson, A. M. Fischer, A. Ahuja, E. N. Lesser & H. Maniates. 2016. Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation. Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation 105 136 .
Jemima A. FrimpongThomas D’AunnoLan Jiang. (2014) Determinants of the Availability of Hepatitis C Testing Services in Opioid Treatment Programs: Results From a National Study. American Journal of Public Health 104:6, pages e75-e82.
Crossref
Paolo Mannelli, Li-Tzy Wu, Kathleen S. Peindl, Marvin S. Swartz & George E. Woody. (2014) Extended release naltrexone injection is performed in the majority of opioid dependent patients receiving outpatient induction: A very low dose naltrexone and buprenorphine open label trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 138, pages 83-88.
Crossref
Wang Xuyi, Wang Juelu, Xiang Xiaojun, Li Haiyan, Liu Zheyuan, Gong Zhehui, Dong Guoming, Liu Gang, Li Jin & Hao Wei. (2013) Phase I study of injectable, depot naltrexone for the relapse prevention treatment of opioid dependence. The American Journal on Addictions 23:2, pages 162-169.
Crossref
Evgeny Krupitsky, Edwin Zvartau, Elena Blokhina, Elena Verbitskaya, Marina Tsoy, Valentina Wahlgren, Andrey Burakov, Dimitry Masalov, Tatyana N. Romanova, Vladimir Palatkin, Arina Tyurina, Tatyana Yaroslavtseva, Rajita Sinha & Thomas R. Kosten. (2013) Naltrexone with or without guanfacine for preventing relapse to opiate addiction in St.-Petersburg, Russia. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 132:3, pages 674-680.
Crossref
Alison Oliveto, Michael Mancino, Nichole Sanders, Christopher Cargile, J. Benjamin Guise, Warren Bickel & W. Brooks Gentry. (2013) Effects of prototypic calcium channel blockers in methadone-maintained humans responding under a naloxone discrimination procedure. European Journal of Pharmacology 715:1-3, pages 424-435.
Crossref
Laurent Karila, Aymeric Petit, Rim Zarmdini, Sarah Coscas, William Lowenstein & Michel Reynaud. (2013) Consommation de tabac et trouble lié à l’usage de substances illicites : que devrions-nous faire ?. La Presse Médicale 42:5, pages 795-805.
Crossref
Harlan Matusow, Samuel L. Dickman, Josiah D. Rich, Chunki Fong, Dora M. Dumont, Carolyn Hardin, Douglas Marlowe & Andrew Rosenblum. (2013) Medication assisted treatment in US drug courts: Results from a nationwide survey of availability, barriers and attitudes. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 44:5, pages 473-480.
Crossref
Brett C. Ginsburg & R.J. Lamb. (2013) Reinforcement of an alternative behavior as a model of recovery and relapse in the rat. Behavioural Processes 94, pages 60-66.
Crossref
Evgeny Krupitsky. (2012) Injectable extended-release naltrexone for the prevention of relapse to opioid dependence following opioid detoxification. Neuropsychiatry 2:4, pages 355-362.
Crossref
Robert K. Vinson. (2012) Pharmacokinetics of a New Immediate-Release Methadone Tablet Formulation with Decreased In vitro Solubility. Clinical Drug Investigation 32:7, pages 487-495.
Crossref
Porche K. Henry, Annie Umbricht, Bethea A. Kleykamp, Ryan Vandrey, Eric C. Strain, George E. Bigelow & Miriam Z. Mintzer. (2012) Comparison of cognitive performance in methadone maintenance patients with and without current cocaine dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 124:1-2, pages 167-171.
Crossref
Evgeny Krupitsky, Edward V Nunes, Walter Ling, Ari Illeperuma, David R Gastfriend & Bernard L Silverman. (2011) Injectable extended-release naltrexone for opioid dependence: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre randomised trial. The Lancet 377:9776, pages 1506-1513.
Crossref
Evgeny Krupitsky, Edwin Zvartau & George Woody. (2010) Use of Naltrexone to Treat Opioid Addiction in a Country in Which Methadone and Buprenorphine Are Not Available. Current Psychiatry Reports 12:5, pages 448-453.
Crossref
Lisa J. Merlo, Julia Arana & Amanda M. Stone. 2010. Clinical Trials in Psychopharmacology. Clinical Trials in Psychopharmacology 207 232 .
Marianna Murányi & Zsolt Radák. (2008) Pain and opioids. Orvosi Hetilap 149:50, pages 2363-2370.
Crossref