Advances in Metabolic Regulation of Macrophage Polarization State

ABSTRACT

Macrophages are significant immune-related cells that are essential for tissue growth, homeostasis maintenance, pathogen resistance, and damage healing. The studies on the metabolic control of macrophage polarization state in recent years and the influence of polarization status on the development and incidence of associated disorders are expounded upon in this article. Firstly, we reviewed the origin and classification of macrophages, with particular attention paid to how the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the three primary metabolites affect macrophage polarization. The primary metabolic hub that controls macrophage polarization is the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Finally, we reviewed the polarization state of macrophages influences the onset and progression of cancers, inflammatory disorders, and other illnesses.

KEYWORDS:

• Inflammatory response
• macrophage polarization
• metabolism
• tricarboxylic acid cycle

Author contributions

Writing-Original Draft Preparation, X. L.; Writing-Review & Editing, X. L., R X X.; Literature search, X. L., R X X., X.F., Article review & Project Administration, G.D.W., Y.Y.Z.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This review was supported by Research Funds of Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM [grant number 2023CXMMTCM023]; the Overseas Visiting and Training Program for the Outstanding Young Talents in the Colleges of Anhui Province [grant number gxgwfx2021033], and the Training Programs of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Anhui Provincial Undergraduates [grant number S202210368074]