Beyond communication training: The MaRIS model for developing medical students’ human capabilities and personal resilience

Figures & data

Figure 1. The MaRIS Model.

Table 1. Items for assessment of competence, empathy, and resilience and prompting questions inviting participant comments.

	Item	Question	Rating
Competence	1	I can communicate well with SPs and my colleagues in a comm skills workshop	1	2	3	4	5
	2*	I sometimes think that I am not very competent at communicating in a comm skills workshop	1	2	3	4	5
	3	I can deal with just about any problem regarding communication in workshops	1	2	3	4	5
	4*	I find communicating with SPs and my colleagues in comm skills workshops quite difficult	1	2	3	4	5
	5	I feel I am better than most people at tackling difficulties in comm skills workshops	1	2	3	4	5
	6*	I often have problems coping in comm skills workshops	1	2	3	4	5
Empathy	7	I find it easy to put myself in somebody else’s shoes	1	2	3	4	5
	8	I am good at predicting how someone will feel	1	2	3	4	5
	9	I am quick to spot when someone in a group is feeling awkward or uncomfortable	1	2	3	4	5
	10	Other people tell me I am good at understanding how they are feeling and what they are thinking	1	2	3	4	5
	*11	I find it hard to know what to do in a social situation	1	2	3	4	5
	*12	I often find it hard to judge if something is rude or polite	1	2	3	4	5
	*13	It is hard for me to see why some things upset people so much	1	2	3	4	5
	*14	Other people often say that I am insensitive, though I don’t always see why	1	2	3	4	5
Resilience	15*	I am constantly concerned about making mistakes in comm skills workshops	1	2	3	4	5
	16	I tend to bounce back even when I have been embarrassed in comm skills workshops	1	2	3	4	5
	17*	I am constantly nervous about comm skills workshops because everyone is watching and judging me	1	2	3	4	5
	18	I see errors in my performance in comm skills workshops as part of the learning process	1	2	3	4	5
	19*	I will be devastated if I did something wrong in a comm skills workshop	1	2	3	4	5
	20	I am comfortable knowing that my performance is being observed and critiqued in comm skills workshops	1	2	3	4	5
	21*	I feel anxious thinking about having to deal with confrontation in comm skills workshops	1	2	3	4	5
	22	I am confident that I will be able to handle altercations in comm skills workshops	1	2	3	4	5
Please answer the two open question below:
Q1		On top of basic communication skills and history taking, did you learn anything else from the comm skills workshop? If so, please provide more details.
Q2		Do you think the comm skills workshops facilitate you and or your classmates in developing resilience? If so, please give some examples.

1: Strongly disagree; 2: Disagree; 3: Neutral; 4: Agree; and 5: Strongly agree.

Table 2. Participant characteristics.

	n	%
Total	55	100.0
Gender
Male	26	47.3
Female	29	52.7
Age range (years)
≤21	29	52.7
≥22	26	47.3
Qualification
Bachelor	41	74.5
Honours or higher	14	25.5
Prior healthcare experience
Yes	15	27.3
No	40	72.7

Figure 2. Change in mean CS, ES, and RS score.

Table 3. Change in mean scores over time.

Comparison	Mean of difference	Standard deviation	t	p
T1 vs. T0
Competence	0.29	0.61	3.58	0.001
Empathy	0.13	0.35	2.71	0.009
Resilience	0.17	0.52	2.45	0.018
T2 vs. T1
Competence	0.09	0.44	1.50	0.139
Empathy	−0.02	0.31	−0.41	0.686
Resilience	0.09	0.55	1.17	0.249
T2 vs. T0
Competence	3.85	0.67	4.28	<0.001
Empathy	0.11	0.41	2.05	0.045
Resilience	0.26	0.56	3.46	0.001