Caring burden and quality of life among the caregivers of people living with dementia – a cross-sectional study in Udupi district of Karnataka

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of caregivers of PLWD n = 80.

Baseline characteristics of caregivers of PLWD
Baseline characteristics	Category	(n)	(%)
Age in years	Up to 45 years	45	56.2
	More than 45 years	35	43.8
Sex	Male	1	1.20
	Female	79	98.8
Caregivers’ education	Below graduation	44	55.0
	Graduation & above	36	45.0
Occupation	Homemaker	66	82.5
	Private sector work	2	2.50
	Owning business	12	15.0
Monthly family income	≤30000 INR	46	57.5
	Above 30,000 INR	34	42.5
Marital status	Married	73	91.2
	Unmarried	2	2.50
	Widow/widower	5	6.2
Relationship to the person with dementia	Spouse	15	18.8
	Daughters in law	46	57.5
	Daughter	15	18.8
	Son	1	1.20
	Others	3	3.75
Area of living	Urban	8	10
	Semi-urban	19	23.8
	Rural	53	66.2
Duration of care giving in years	Up to 4 years	45	56.2
	Above 4 years	35	43.8
Hours of active care per day	Up to 2 hours	32	40.0
	2–4 hours	48	60.0
Presence of chronic illness in caregiver	Present	37	46.2
	Absent	43	53.8
Receiving support in giving care	Supported	44	55.0
	Not supported	36	45.0

n – total number; (%) = percentage; PLWD – people living with Dementia.

Table 2. Baseline characteristics of PLWD. n = 80.

Baseline characteristics of PLWD
Baseline characteristics	Category	(n)	(%)
Age	Up to 70 years	23	28.8
	More than 70 years	57	71.2
Sex	Female	48	60
	Male	32	40
Relationship to the caregiver	In-law	46	57.5
	Others	34	42.5
Years of dementia	Up to 5 years	62	77.5
	More than 5 years	18	22.5
Type of Dementia	Alzheimer’s Dementia	39	48.8
	Vascular Dementia	3	3.8
	Fronto-temporal lobe Dementia	1	1.2
	Alcoholic Dementia	3	3.8
	Moderate Dementia	3	3.8
	Advanced Dementia	14	17.5
	Others	17	21.2
Past habit of	Alcohol intake	16	20
	Tobacco eating	5	6.2
	Smoking	14	17.5
History of	Surgeries in the past	22	27.5
	Past head injury	5	6.2

n – total number; (%) = percentage; PLWD – people living with Dementia.

Figure 1. Level of caregiver burden among the caregivers of PLWD.

Table 3. Domain wise caregiver burden scores and quality of life sores of the caregivers of PLWD. n = 80.

Domain	Mean	Standard deviation	Minimum score	Maximum Score
ZBI Scores
Personal Strain (0–48)	34.09	9.43	9	48
Role Strain (0–24)	17.11	5.33	1	24
Total ZBI scores (0–88)	63.40	16.99	14	84
QoL domain scores
Physical health (0–100)	37.97	15.72	6	81
Psychological (0–100)	46.26	14.66	19	88
Social relationships (0–100)	60.15	14.75	31	100
Environment (0–100)	39.10	17.61	6	81
Total QoL scores	45.9	13.9	20.5	84.5

*ZBI – Zarit Burden Interview; QoL – Quality of life.

Table 4. Role of socio-demographic variables on caregiver burden and quality of life of caregivers n = 80.

Outcome	Socio-demographic variable	Mean (SD)	Median (IQR)	p-value
Hours of caring per day
Caregiver burden	Up to 4 hours	58.8 (21.8)	66.5 (32.8)	0.331
	More than 4 hours	66.5 (12.2)	67.0 (11.0)
^+QoL	Up to 4 hours	53.7 (14.8)	54.0 (17.63)	<0.001
	More than 4 hours	40.6 (10.5)	39.1 (5.06)
Presence of chronic illness among caregivers
Caregiver burden	Suffering with chronic illness	61.9 (18.8)	66.0 (12.0)	0.553
	Not suffering from chronic illness	65.1 (14.7)	68.0 (16.0)
^# QoL	Suffering with chronic illness	49 (15.3)	47 (21.75)	0.027
	Not suffering from chronic illness	42.3 (11.3)	40.8 (6.50)
Educational qualification among the caregivers
^#Caregiver burden	Below Pre university level	67.1 (13.0)	68.0 (14.3)	0.041
	Above Pre university level	58.9 (20.1)	66 (29.3)
^# QoL	Below Pre university level	43 (12.8)	40.8 (11.8)	0.044
	Above Pre university level	49.4 (14.5)	43.9 (22.0)
Habit of tobacco chewing among the caregivers
Caregiver burden	Tobacco chewing	68.0 (15.1)	67.0 (13.0)	0.426
	Not chewing tobacco	63.1 (17.2)	67.0 (14.5)
^# QoL	Tobacco chewing	36.9 (4.56)	40.8 (17.25)	0.004
	Not chewing tobacco	46.5 (14.1)	36.0 (6.50)
History of past surgeries to the person with dementia
^#Caregiver burden	No past surgeries	60.9 (18.6)	66.0 (18.0)	0.005
	Had surgeries previously	70.1 (9.34)	68.5 (12.8)
QoL	No past surgeries	47.0 (14.2)	40.8 (18.2)	0.348
	Had surgeries previously	42.9 (13.0)	43.0 (15.4)

⁺- Significant at 5% based on Mann-Whitney U test; SD – Standard deviation; IQR – Inter-Quartile Range; ^# - Significant at 5% based on Welch’s t; QoL-Quality of life..