Equivalence of cell survival data for radiation dose and thermal dose in ablative treatments: analysis applied to essential tremor thalamotomy by focused ultrasound and gamma knife

Figures & data

Figure 1. An example of a survival curve for radiotherapy exposure (A), extracted from [97], and for heated cells (B), extracted from previously published results [98], with thermal isoeffective dose calculated from the combination of heating duration and temperature.

Table 1. Review of papers reporting survival of cells exposed to thermal rise or ionising radiations, matched for cell subtype and dose range.

Reference article	Type of tissue investigated		Treatment modality	Dose range
Sensitivity of Human Cells to Mild Hyperthermia [43]	Human Glioblastoma Tumour Cells	U87MG	Heat	0–240 CEM
Thermal Dose Determination in Cancer Therapy [42]	Chinese Hamster Ovary		Heat	0–150 CEM
Cellular Effects of Hyperthermia: Relevance to the minimum dose for thermal damage [44]	Chinese Hamster Lung	V79	Heat	0–150 CEM
Arrhenius Relationships from the Molecule and Cell to the Clinic [45]	Chinese Hamster Ovary		Heat	0–150 CEM
Basic Principles of thermal dosimetry and thermal threshold for tissue damage from hyperthermia [46]	Chinese Hamster Ovary		Heat	0–180 CEM
A Transient Thermotolerant Survival Response Produced by Single Thermal Doses in HeLa Cells [47]	HeLa		Heat	0–480 CEM
Differential Effect of Hyperthermia on Murine Bone Marrow Normal Colony-forming Units and AKR and L1210 Leukemia Stem Cells [48]	Leukaemia Cells	L1210, AKR	Heat	0–60 CEM
A Comparison of Cell Killing by Heat and/or X Rays in Chinese Hamster V79 Cells, Friend Erythroleukemia Mouse Cells, and Human Thymocyte MOLT-4 [49]	Chinese Hamster Lung	V79	Radiation	0–16 Gy
Cellular Responses to Combinations of Hyperthermia and Radiation [50]	Chinese Hamster Ovary		Radiation	0–11 Gy
Cross-Resistance to Ionizing Radiation in a Murine Leukemic Cell Line Resistant to cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II): Role of Ku Autoantigen [51]	Leukaemia Cells	L1210	Radiation	0–10 Gy
Effect of Hyperthermia on the Radiation Response of two Mammalian Cell Lines [52]	Chinese Hamster Ovary, mouse mammary sarcoma	HA-1, EMT-6	Radiation	0–12 Gy
Effects of propranolol in combination with radiation on apoptosis and survival of gastric cancer cells in vitro [53]	Human gastric adenocarcinoma cells	BGC-823, SGC-7901	Radiation	0–10 Gy
Enhancement of Radiation Damage in Cellular DNA Following Unifilar Substitution with Iododeoxyuridine [54]	Chinese Hamster Lung	V79	Radiation	0–16 Gy
Hyperthermia Radiosensitization in Human Glioma Cells Comparison of Recovery of Polymerase Activity, Survival, and Potentially Lethal Damage Repair [55]	Human Glioblastoma Tumour Cells	U87MG	Radiation	0–12 Gy
Influence of Hyperthermia on Gamma-Ray-Induced Mutation in V79 Cells [56]	Chinese Hamster Lung	V79	Radiation	0–12 Gy
Interaction of Hyperthermia and Radiation in CHO Cells: Recovery Kinetics [57]	Chinese Hamster Ovary		Radiation	0–12 Gy
Long duration mild temperature hyperthermia andbrachytherapy [58]	Human Normal fibroblasts, Human radiation resistant melanoma cells, Human Ovarian Carcinoma cells	AG1522, SkMe13, A2780	Radiation	0–10 Gy
Moderate Hyperthermia and Low Dose Irradiation [59]	Chinese Hamster Lung	V79	Radiation	0–14 Gy
Radiosensitivity and Capacity to Recover from Radiation Induced Damage in Pimonisazol-Unlabeled Intratumor Quiescent Cells Depend on p53 Status [60]	Human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells	SAS	Radiation	0–14 Gy
Recovery of Sublethal Radiation Damage and is inhibition by Hyperthermia in normal and transformed mouse cells [61]	Chinese Hamster Lung	V79	Radiation	0–14 Gy
The p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB is a molecular target for radiation sensitization of human squamous carcinoma cells [62]	Human head and necksquamous carcinoma cells	SCC-35, d6, d12	Radiation	0–11 Gy
Thermal radiosensitization in Chinese hamster and mouse C3H 10T 1/2 cells. The thermotolerance effect [60]	Chinese Hamster Lung, mouse embryo	V79, C3H	Radiation	0–14 Gy
Thermal Sensitivity and Radiosensitization in V79 Cells after BrdUrd or IdUrd Incorporation [63]	Chinese Hamster Lung	V79	Radiation	0–16 Gy
Thermally Enhanced Radioresponse of Cultured Chinese Hamster Cells: Inhibition of Repair of Sublethal Damage and Enhancement of Lethal Damage [64]	Chinese hamster fibroblasts	V79	Radiation	0–11 Gy
Dose rate: Its effect on the survival of HeLa cells irradiated with gamma rays [65]	HeLa	S3	Radiation	0–10 Gy
Variations in several responses of HeLa cells to X-irradiation during the division cycle [66]	HeLa	S3	Radiation	0–10 Gy
Action of radiation on mammalian cells, IV. Reversible mitotic lag in the S3 HeLa cell produced by low doses of X-rays [67]	HeLa	S3	Radiation	0–10 Gy
Thermal sensitivity and radiosensitization in Chinesehamster V79 cells exposed to 2-aminopurine or6-thioguanine [68]	Chinese Hamster Lung	V79	Radiation	0–14 Gy

Figure 2. Fraction of cells surviving as a function of the radiation (A) or thermal (B) dose for (•) CHO, (♦) CHL and (▪) GBA. Data have been extracted from previously published results: (CHO),[61] (CHL),[62] (GBA) [65] (A) and (CHO), [63] (CHL), [66] (GBA) [64] (B).

Table 2. Parameters for the Universal Survival Curve (USC) for radiation therapy doses and linear quadratic exponential fit for thermal doses.

USC fit (radiation dose)	α (1/Gy)	β (1/Gy^2)	α/β (Gy)	Dq (Gy)	Do (Gy)	DT (Gy)	R^2
CHO	0.043	0.062	0.69	2.93	1.23	6.19	0.993
CHL	0.11	0.026	4.12	5.23	1.33	12.22	0.995
GBA	0.14	0.094	1.53	1.81	1.06	4.28	0.996
Exponential fit (thermal dose)	a (1/CEM)		b (1/CEM^2)		a/b (CEM)		R^2
CHO	0.0047		0.00049		9.6		0.994
CHL	0.035		0.00017		210		0.992
GBA	0.044		9.1e-6		4800		0.998

Figure 3. Average dose profiles (A) and corresponding survival curves (B) for essential tremor clinical data. The average profiles amongst patients are shown in four directions from the centre and the average is highlighted in bold (A). Survival curves for essential tremor clinical data for FUS (solid) and SRS (dashed) are plotted for each cell type available.

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