Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the ABIS questionnaire for French speaking amputees

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the patients and summary measures of the questionnaires.

Variable	N	Possible values	Mean (sd) or N (%)
Age at amputation [years]	99		57.3 (17.3)
Duration since amputation [years]	99		6.8 (7.1)
Gender	99	Male	71 (71.7 %)
		Female	28 (28.3 %)
Level of amputation	99	Hip disarticulation	4 (4.0 %)
		Transfemoral	20 (20.2 %)
		Through the knee	18 (18.2 %)
		Transtibial	46 (46.5 %)
		Foot	11 (11.1 %)
Etiology	99	Vascular	54 (54.6 %)
		Traumatic	34 (34.3 %)
		Other	11 (11.1 %)
Wear the prosthesis	99	Yes	92 (92.9 %)
		No	7 (7.1 %)
Diabetes	99	Yes	32 (32.3 %)
		No	67 (67.7 %)
Type of work	99	Paid	18 (18.2 %)
		Retired	51 (51.5 %)
		Unemployed	28 (28.3%)
		Unspecified	2 (2.0 %)
ABIS-F	99	20–100	57.1 (16.9)
ABIS-R-F	99	0–28	14.6 (6.7)
BPI severity	99	0–10	2.8 (2.2)
BPI interference	95	0–10	2.9 (2.4)
SF-36-PCS	88	0–100	40.4 (9.0)
SF-36-MCS	88	0–100	46.9 (11.9)
HAD-A	97	0–21	7.0 (3.9)
HAD-D	96	0–21	6.3 (4.2)

ABIS: Amputee Body Image Scale; BPI: Brief Pain Inventory; SF-36-PCS: Short Form Health Survey – physical component; SF-36-MCS: Short Form Health Survey – mental component; HAD-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – anxiety component; HAD-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – depression component.

Table 2. Correlations (95% Confidence Intervals) between the different questionnaires and ABIS-F and ABIS-R-F.

Variable	ABIS-F	ABIS-R-F
BPI severity	0.35 [0.17; 0.52]	0.32 [0.13; 0.49]
BPI interference	0.51 [0.35; 0.65]	0.47 [0.30; 0.62]
SF-36-PCS	−0.39 [−0.56; −0.20]	−0.40 [−0.56; −0.20]
SF-36-MCS	−0.45 [−0.61; −0.27]	−0.43 [−0.58; −0.24]
HAD-A	0.51 [0.35; 0.64]	0.52 [0.36; 0.65]
HAD-D	0.59 [0.44; 0.71]	0.54 [0.38; 0.67]

ABIS: Amputee Body Image Scale; BPI: Brief Pain Inventory; SF-36-PCS: Short Form Health Survey – physical component; SF-36-MCS: Short Form Health Survey – mental component; HAD-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – anxiety component; HAD-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – depression component.

Table 3. Associations between ABIS-F or ABIS-R-F and items of the prosthetic profile of the amputee.

Variable	Possible values	N (%)	ABIS-F mean (sd)	Difference (95%CI)	p-value	ABIS-R-F mean (sd)	Difference (95%CI)	p-value
Suffer from phantom pain	Yes	54 (54.6 %)	61.1 (16.9)	8.69 [2.11; 15.27]	0.01	16.2 (6.6)	3.35 [0.74; 5.96]	0.01
	No	45 (45.6 %)	52.4 (15.9)			12.8 (6.4)
Put the prosthesis easily	Yes	83 (85.6 %)	55.1 (16.1)	−13.93 [−23.36; −4.50]	<0.01	13.9 (6.5)	−5.03 [−8.78; −1.27]	0.01
	No	14 (14.4 %)	69.1 (18.3)			19.0 (6.8)
Always wear the prosthesis	Yes	35 (35.4 %)	55.6 (16.8)	−2.41 [−9.48; 4.66]	0.50	13.6 (6.6)	−1.60 [−4.39; 1.18]	0.26
	No	64 (64.7 %)	58.0 (17.0)			15.2 (6.7)
Already fallen with the prosthesis	Yes	46 (52.3 %)	57.6 (17.0)	1.40 [−5.65; 8.45]	0.69	14.9 (6.8)	0.62 [−2.22; 3.45]	0.67
	No	42 (47.7 %)	56.2 (16.1)			14.3 (6.6)
Need technical help to walk	Yes	67 (74.4 %)	59.0 (16.2)	7.47 [−0.35; 15.28]	0.06	15.5 (6.6)	3.24 [0.09; 6.39]	0.04
	No	23 (25.6 %)	51.5 (16.5)			12.2 (6.3)
Complete acceptation (amputation and prosthesis) from the relatives	Yes	43 (46.2 %)	52.1 (15.0)	−8.14 [−14.97; −1.32]	0.02	12.7 (5.9)	−3.09 [−5.80; −0.37]	0.03
	No	50 (53.8 %)	60.2 (17.7)			15.8 (7.1)

ABIS: Amputee Body Image Scale.

Figure 1. Category probability curves for ABIS-F.

Table 4. Item calibrations (measure) with standard error (SE) and Infit and Outfit mean-square statistics (MnSq) for the 20 items of Amputee Body Image Scale (ABIS-F), in order of misfit.

Item Number	Measure	SE	Infit MnSq	Outfit MnSq
16	−0.17	0.08	2.00	2.36
3	−0.05	0.08	1.94	2.27
12	0.11	0.08	2.00	2.27
2	−0.16	0.08	1.62	1.59
19	−0.86	0.10	1.38	1.31
1	0.25	0.08	0.58	1.25
7	0.03	0.08	1.00	1.23
17	0.02	0.08	1.03	0.96
10	−0.30	0.08	1.01	0.94
20	0.56	0.09	0.97	0.82
14	−0.17	0.08	0.89	0.84
13	−0.22	0.08	0.86	0.83
15	0.28	0.09	0.75	0.86
5	0.77	0.10	0.75	0.62
18	−0.19	0.08	0.65	0.62
11	−0.26	0.08	0.61	0.60
9	0.00	0.08	0.55	0.56
6	0.50	0.09	0.53	0.51
8	0.31	0.08	0.51	0.50
4	−0.45	0.08	0.48	0.48

Figure 2. Category probability curves for ABIS-R-F.

Table 5. Item calibrations (measure) with standard error (SE) and Infit and Outfit mean-square statistics (MnSq) for the revised 14 items of Amputee Body Image Scale (ABIS-R-F), in order of misfit.

Item Number	Measure	SE	Infit MnSq	Outfit MnSq
12	0.50	0.18	1.25	1.39
8	−0.84	0.19	1.33	1.19
10	−0.66	0.19	1.31	1.33
2	−0.65	0.19	1.15	1.31
9	−1.18	0.20	1.23	1.30
14	1.42	0.19	1.06	0.92
3	−1.45	0.20	0.92	1.00
1	0.43	0.18	0.86	0.95
11	−0.42	0.19	0.92	0.81
4	1.81	0.20	0.91	0.78
13	−0.48	0.18	0.80	0.76
5	1.12	0.19	0.76	0.79
7	−0.27	0.18	0.77	0.77
6	0.68	0.18	0.72	0.71

Figure 3. Bland and Altman plot for ABIS-F and ABIS-R-F.