Prevalence, types, and combinations of multiple problems among recipients of work disability benefits

Figures & data

Table 1. Participant characteristics.

Characteristics	Total (n = 207)^a
	n (%)
Gender (male)	94 (45.4)
Age (mean ± SD)	35.6 ± 13.0
Educational level
Low	68 (32.9)
Middle	99 (47.8)
High	37 (17.9)
Living alone	71 (34.3)
Diagnosis
Intellectual disabilities	30 (14.5)
Developmental disorder	32 (15.5)
Psychiatric disorders	65 (31.4)
Somatic diseases	72 (34.8)
Paid work (yes)	29 (14.0)

^a Due to missing values per variable, numbers do not always add up to n = 207.

Table 2. Type and number of perceived problems.

Perceived problems	Total (n = 207)^a n (%)
Number of perceived barriers (mean ± SD)	3.4 ± 1.7
Physical health	156 (76.1)
Mental health	156 (75.7)
Financial problems	89 (43.2)
Care for family	78 (37.9)
Educational mismatch	115 (56.7)
Dutch language	27 (13.1)
Police or justice	9 (4.4)
Housing	31 (15.0)
Addiction	23 (11.2)
Domestic violence	6 (2.9)

^a Due to missing values per variable, percentages might differ and numbers do not always add up to n = 207.

Figure 1. Severity of perceived problems (n = 207).

Figure 2. Prevalence of perceived problems (n = 207).

Figure 3. Most frequent combinations of problems.

Table 3. Heat map with additional problems (n = 207)^a

Perceived problems	Perceived additional problems	Physical health n (%)	Mental health n (%)	Financial problems n (%)	Care for family n (%)	Educational Mismatch n (%)	Dutch language n (%)	Police or justice n (%)	Housing n (%)	Addiction n (%)	Domestic violence n (%)
Physical health (n = 156)	→	–	119	74	64	87	20	6	25	15	5
			(76.3%)	(47.7%)	(41.0%)	(55.8%)	(12.8%)	(3.8%)	(16.0%)	(9.6%)	(3.2%)
Mental health (n= 156)	→	119	–	75	63	87	25	7	28	20	6
		(76.3%)		(48.1%)	(40.4%)	(55.8%)	(16.0%)	(4.5%)	(17.9%)	(12.8%)	(3.8%)
Financial problems (n = 89)	→	74	75	–	47	59	19	8	24	10	6
		(83.1%)	(84.3%)		(52.8%)	(65.3%)	(21.3%)	(9.0%)	(27.0%)	(11.2%)	(6.7%)
Care for family (n = 78)	→	64	63	47	–	46	11	5	17	8	4
		(82.1%)	(80.8%)	(60.3%)		(59.0%)	(14.1%)	(6.4%)	(21.8%)	(10.3%)	(5.1%)
Educational mismatch (n = 115)	→	87	87	59	46	–	24	5	24	16	6
		(75.7%)	(75.7%)	(51.3%)	(40.0%)		(20.9%)	(4.3%)	(20.9%)	(13.9%)	(5.2%)
Dutch language (n = 27)	→	20	25	19	11	24	–	4	7	5	3
		(74.1%)	(92.6%)	(70.4%)	(40.7%)	(88.9%)		(14.8%)	(25.9%)	(18.5%)	(11.1%)
Police or justice (n = 9)	→	6	7	8	5	5	4	–	4	2	2
		(66.7%)	(77.8%)	(88.9%)	(55.6%)	(55.6%)	(44.4%)		(44.4%)	(22.2%)	(22.2%)
Housing (n = 31)	→	25	28	24	17	24	7	4	–	3	5
		(80.6%)	(90.3%)	(77.4%)	(54.8%)	(77.4%)	(22.6%)	(12.9%)		(9.7%)	(16.1%)
Addiction (n = 23)	→	15	20	10	8	16	5	2	3	–	3
		(65.2%)	(87.0%)	(43.5%)	(34.8%)	(69.6%)	(21.7%)	(8.7%)	(13.0%)		(13.0%)
Domestic violence (n = 6)	→	5	6	6	4	6	3	2	5	3	–
		(83.3%)	(100.0%)	(100.0%)	(66.7%)	(100.0%)	(50.0%)	(33.3%)	(83.3%)	(50.0%)

Note: Colors and percentages are based on the number of persons perceiving the problems in the first column.

^a Due to missings per variable, numbers do not always add up to n = 207.

Table 4. Univariate and multivariate linear regression associations between sociodemographic characteristics and number of perceived barriers.

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	B	95% CI for B	B	95% CI for B
Gender (female = ref)	–0.375*	–0.843 to 0.092	–0.359	–0.820 to 0.102
Age	–0.001	–0.019 to 0.017
Educational level
Low (ref)	–	–	–	–
Middle	–0.721**	–1.221 to −0.220	–0.717**	–1.234 to −0.200
High	–1.375**	–2.026 to −0.724	–1.347**	–2.030 to −0.664
Living alone (no = ref)	–0.258	–0.746 to 0.230
Diagnosis
Somatic diseases (ref)	–	–
Intellectual disabilities	0.333	–0.371 to 1.038	0.082	–0.615 to 0.779
Developmental disorders	–0.615*	–1.303 to 0.074	–0.459	–1.144 to 0.227
Psychiatric disorders	0.236	–0.319 to 0.791	0.297	–0.249 to 0.844
Paid employment (no = ref)	–0.286	–0.954 to 0.381

* p < 0.20.

** p < 0.05.