Helping family members affected by a relative’s substance use or gambling: an evaluation study of the 5-Step Method delivered in the Netherlands

Figures & data

Table 1. Frequencies of collected FMQs at baseline, end-of-treatment, and three-month post intervention.

Type of measurement	Number of completed FMQs	Percentage of total number of participants
Single measurement completed
Baseline	33	22.7
Two measurements completed
Baseline + end-of-treatment	42	29.0
Baseline + three-month post intervention	10	6.9
Complete cases	60	41.4
Total number of participants	145	100.0
Excluded cases^a	5

^aFive participants were excluded when running the analyses, because of missing baseline measurements.

Table 2. Descriptive statistics of baseline variables of study sample (N = 145).

Baseline variable	Total sample (N = 145)
Gender, family member
Men (%)	19 (14.4%)
Women (%)	113 (85.6%)
Number of missing values	13
Gender, relative with problematic substance or behavior use
Men (%)	113 (85.6%)
Women (%)	19 (14.4%)
Number of missing values	13
Age
Family member (mean, SD)	46.43 (13.79)
Relative with problematic substance  or behavior use (mean, SD)	40.82 (15.52)
Treatment setting
Using video-conferencing (%)	69 (47.6%)
Face-to-face (%)	76 (52.4%)
Duration of problematic substance or behavior use
Length of period in years (mean, SD)	13.40 (12.33)

Table 3. Repeated measures ANOVA of complete cases (N = 60) with mean scores, standard deviations, F-values, p values, and effect sizes.

	Pre (N = 60)	Post (N = 60)	Three-month follow-up (N = 60)
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	F (df)	p	η^2	ES
Total impact	6.43 (3.90)	4.87 (3.18)	3.83 (3.07)	17.42 (1.79)*	.000*	0.23	0.62
Total symptoms	7.98 (2.74)	6.82 (2.59)	5.98 (2.89)	18.83 (2)	.000	0.24	0.65
Engaged emotional coping	5.64 (2.33)	4.60 (2.51)	3.22 (2.69)	26.88 (2)	.000	0.31	0.88
Engaged assertive coping	5.67 (2.75)	4.28 (2.66)	3.43 (2.42)	21.83 (2)	.000	0.27	0.72
Tolerant inactive coping	2.79 (2.31)	1.97 (1.96)	1.33 (1.69)	12.73 (1.84)*	.000*	0.18	0.60
Withdrawal coping	4.91 (2.51)	5.04 (2.56)	5.58 (2.39)	2.37 (1.60)*	.111*	0.04	−0.35
Helpful informal support	6.45 (2.93)	6.41 (2.62)	5.66 (2.72)	3.50 (1.87)*	.037*	0.06	0.18
Helpful formal support	4.19 (2.96)	5.55 (2.60)	4.19 (2.96)	5.75 (2)	.004	0.09	−0.06
Unhelpful informal support	1.52 (2.11)	1.55 (2.19)	0.95 (1.21)	2.81 (2)	.065	0.05	0.25
Total family burden	22.85 (9.12)	18.25 (8.44)	14.37 (8.71)	29.38 (1.87)*	.000*	0.332	0.85

Note. ES: Cohen’s d effect size; η²: partial eta squared (effect size); *: corrected with Huynh-Feldt.

Table 4. Repeated measures ANOVA of pre-treatment and post-treatment measurements (N = 102) with mean scores, standard deviations, F-values, p values, and effect sizes.

	Pre (N = 102)	Post (N = 102)
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	F (df)	p	η^2	ES
Total impact	6.76 (3.60)	5.32 (3.25)	18.10 (1)	.000	0.15	0.42
Total symptoms	8.02 (2.55)	6.85 (2.60)	23.81 (1)	.000	0.19	0.48
Engaged emotional coping	5.85 (2.33)	4.53 (2.41)	27.53 (1)	.000	0.21	0.52
Engaged assertive coping	5.65 (2.57)	4.50 (2.50)	22.05 (1)	.000	0.18	0.47
Tolerant inactive coping	2.80 (2.37)	1.96 (2.14)	13.02 (1)	.000	0.11	0.36
Withdrawal coping	4.78 (2.51)	5.31 (2.51)	3.90 (1)	.051	0.04	−0.20
Helpful informal support	6.36 (2.91)	6.21 (2.69)	0.44 (1)	.510	0.00	0.07
Helpful formal support	3.98 (2.89)	5.57 (2.48)	22.51 (1)	.000	0.19	−0.48
Unhelpful informal support	1.86 (2.30)	1.81 (2.30)	0.05 (1)	.832	0.00	0.02
Total family burden	23.43 (8.22)	18.66 (8.37)	32.40 (1)	.000	0.24	0.56

Note. ES: Cohen’s d effect size; η²: partial eta squared (effect size).