Profiles of State and Trait Engagement of Preschool Children

Figures & data

Table 1. Patterns of global and observed engagement and associations between identified clusters and child characteristics.

Cluster	CEQ mean	COP mean	Size	HC	Age in months	SLL status (%)	Gender (% female)	Hyperactivity (%)
1. High GE	0.85 (H)	.28	132	0.29	56.84^a	9.8	50.8	3.1*^−
2. Low GE & OE	−1.97(L^+++)	−0.84(L)	53	1.22	47.78^c	30.2*^+	41.4	19.6*^+
3. GE > OE	0.63(H)	−1.22(L^+)	86	0.54	50.84^b	22.1*^+	55.8	7.4
4. Average E	−0.41	−0.18	126	0.34	53.87^ab	15.2	42.1	10.6
5. High OE	−0.11	1.38(H^+)	97	0.79	53.65^ab	7.3*^−	40.2	17.5*^+
Total	3.38 (.49)	2.06 (.35)	494		53.44	15	46.4	10.4

Standardized means are provided as descriptive values for the mean scores on CEQ and COP for each cluster. GE = Global engagement, OE = observed engagement, E = engagement, . = Average, H = High, L = Low, more extreme levels in either direction are indexed with more pluses, superscript ^abcin Age column = same letters mark groups that do not differ significantly in age, SLL = Second language learner, *⁺marks groups significantly higher observed than expected frequencies, and *⁻marks groups significantly lower observed than expected frequencies.

Figure 1. Visual representation of Kmeans analysis for 5 clusters based on global engagement (CEQ) scores and observed engagement (COP) scores.