Antioxidant Properties and Phenolic Composition of Greek Propolis Extracts

Figures & data

Figure 1 (a) DPPH assay. (b) FRAP assay: MEOH MAC, MEOH RHOD: methanol extracts of West Macedonia and Rhodes; 80MEOH MAC, 80MEOH RHOD: 80% methanol extracts of West Macedonia and Rhodes; H₂O MAC, H₂O RHOD: aqueous extracts of West Macedonia and Rhodes propolis, respectively; BHT: butyl-hydroxy-toluene. (c) DPPH assay. (d) FRAP assay: GA: gallic acid; CA: caffeic acid; PRA: protocatechuic acid; FRA: ferulic acid; QE: quercetin; BHT: butyl-hudroxy-toluene; AO: ascorbic acid. (e) % DPPH. (f) % FRAP: Galangin, apigenin, luteolin, and CAPE: caffeic acid phenethyl ester.

Table 1 Total phenol (mg GA/g propolis) and total flavonoid (mg QE/g propolis) content^a

	Total phenols		Total flavonoids
Propolis extract	West Macedonia	Rhodes	West Macedonia	Rhodes
Methanol	77.56 ± 1.71	127.79 ± 2.66	54.51 ± 1.5	18.39 ± 0.58
80% Methanol	179.99 ± 3.43	21.8 ± 0.62	88.26 ± 1.58	5.96 ± 0.85
Aqueous	58.53 ± 1.51	2.33 ± 0.51	5.05 ± 0.76	0.25 ± 0.02
^aData are means ± SD values of triplicate determinations

Table 2 HPLC phenolic compounds (mg/g propolis)^a

	West Macedonia		Rhodes
Phenolic compound	Methanol	80% Methanol	Methanol	80% Methanol
Caffeic acid	3.88 ± 0.18	4.17 ± 0.27	1.30 ± 0.11	0.64 ± 0.01
Coumaric acid	1.94 ± 0.35	3.00 ± 0.18	1.34 ± 0.03	0.83 ± 0.01
Ferulic acid	0.88 ± 0.07	1.41 ± 0.02	0.91 ± 0.04	0.53 ± 0.02
Caffeic acid phenethylester	1.35 ± 0.12	2.04 ± 0.62	0.65 ± 0.00	0.36 ± 0.00
Apigenin	2.12 ± 0.10	2.74 ± 0.29	0.95 ± 0.02	0.48 ± 0.02
Galangin	6.96 ± 0.16	8.55 ± 0.64	2.33 ± 0.13	1.32 ± 0.13
Quercetin	1.49 ± 0.18	2.09 ± 0.15	0.77 ± 0.01	0.42 ± 0.01
Luteolin	0.72 ± 0.12	1.12 ± 0.25	0.50 ± 0.00	0.29 ± 0.00
^aData are means ± SD values of triplicate determinations.