Transcultural adaptation, content validity and reliability of the instrument ‘Picture My Participation’ for children and youth with and without intellectual disabilities in mainland China

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of children and youth of mainland China.

68 (61.3%)

	Children and youth with ID (n = 111)	Children and youth with TD (n = 651)	All participants (n = 762)
Gender: n (%)	43 (38.7%)	296 (45.5%)	339 (44.5%)
Girls	355 (54.5%)	423 (55.5%)
Boys	0	0	0
Missing
Age
Min-Max	6–21	5–19	5–21
Mean (Sd)	13.5 (3.8)	12.9 (2.3)	13.0 (2.6)
Median	13.0	13.0	13.0
Missing	0	0	0

Table 2. Evaluation of content validity PMP-C (Simplified).

	Number of experts	Number inagreement	I-CVI^a	Pc^b	K^*,c,d	Evaluation
PMP-C (Simplified) items^a
1. Daily personal care routines at home	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
2. Family mealtimes	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
3. Looking after own health	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
4. Gathering daily necessities for the family	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
5. Meal preparation with or for the family	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
6. Cleaning up at home	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
7. Taking care of other family members	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
8. Taking care of animals	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
9. Interacting with the family	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
10. Family/community celebrations	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
11. Getting together with other children in the community	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
12. Organized leisure activities	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
13. Quiet leisure	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
14. Religious and spiritual gatherings and activities	5	4	0.80	0.16	0.76	Excellent
15. Shopping and errands	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
16. Taking part in social activities in the community	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
17. Visits to health centre	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
18. Formal learning at school	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
19. Overnight visits and trips	5	5	1.00	0.00	1.00	Excellent
20. Volunteer activities	5	4	0.80	0.00	1.00	Excellent
S-CVI/Ave^e			0.98

^a I-CVI (item content validity index) = number giving a rating of 3 or 4/number of experts.

^b Pc (probability of a chance occurrence) = [N!/A!(N-A)!] 9 0.5^N where N = number of experts and A = number agreeing on good relevance.

^c K* = kappa designating agreement on relevance: K* = (I-CVI-Pc)/(1–Pc).

^d Evaluation criteria for kappa: fair = j* of 0.40–0.59, good = K* of 0.60–0.74 and excellent = K* > 0.74.

^e S-CVI/Ave (average scale content validity index) = mean of I-CVI.

Table 3. Proportion of ratings item by item allocated to each grade of the attendance scale for children and youth with ID and children and youth with TD.

Items	Children and youth of mainland China (n = 762)
	With ID (n = 111)					With TD (n = 651)
Activity item in PMP-C (Simplified)	Never (%)	Seldom (%)	Some-times (%)	Always (%)	Miss-ing (%)	Never (%)	Not really (%)	Some-times (%)	Always (%)	Miss-ing (%)
Personal care	4.5	1.8	10.8	82.9	0	0.2	3.7	16.6	79.6	0
Family mealtime	0.9	0	9.9	89.2	0	0.3	6.8	19.2	73.7	0
My own health	14.4	52.3	17.1	16.2	0	3.8	18.7	35.5	41.9	0
Gathering suppl.	26.1	36.9	24.3	12.6	0	4.3	27.0	48.1	20.6	0
Meal preparation	44.1	32.4	18.9	4.5	0	12.1	34.9	37.6	15.4	0
Cleaning at home	18.0	36.0	25.2	20.7	0	1.7	19.0	42.4	36.9	0
Caring for family	30.6	28.8	30.6	9.9	0	5.8	22.9	37.5	33.8	0
Caring for animals	63.1	21.6	8.1	7.2	0	23.8	27.5	22.1	26.6	0
Family time	23.4	29.7	29.7	17.1	0	2.9	17.8	35.2	44.1	0
Celebrations	25.2	46.8	22.5	5.4	0	4.3	28.1	43.2	24.4	0
Playing with others	33.3	21.6	36.0	9.0	0	5.7	21.5	29.3	43.5	0
Organized leisure	25.2	28.8	32.4	13.5	0	16.3	34.4	28.0	21.4	0
Quiet leisure	14.4	34.2	27.0	24.3	0	3.8	13.2	32.1	50.8	0
Spiritual activities	61.3	28.8	8.1	1.8	0	53.3	31.2	10.3	5.3	0
Shopping	13.5	36.9	36.0	13.5	0	4.5	22.1	39.5	33.9	0
Social activities	53.2	36.0	9.9	0.9	0	18.0	32.1	34.7	15.2	0
Health centre	23.4	55.0	17.1	4.5	0	14.3	40.4	30.6	14.7	0
School	7.2	2.7	11.7	78.4	0	1.4	4.0	13.4	81.3	0
Overnight visits	38.7	42.3	17.1	1.8	0	23.8	39.6	28.9	7.7	0
Volunteer activities	86.5	11.7	1.8	0	0	60.1	29.3	8.1	2.5	0
SUMMARY	23.9	24.6	25.4	26.1	0	24.6	24.9	25.1	25.4	0

Table 4. Homogeneity, internal consistency reliability of PMP-C (simplified).

	n	Total Cronbach’s alpha	Age group (years)	n	Cronbach’s alpha
Children and youth with ID	111	0.80	5–8	12	0.61
			9–12	20	0.82
			13–16	39	0.76
			17–21	25	0.76
Children and youth with TD	651	0.82	5–8	21	0.72
			9–12	227	0.74
			13–16	375	0.78
			17–21	28	0.50

Table 5. Test-retest reliability of PMP-C (Simplified).

	n	ICC	95% CI
			Lower bound	Upper bound
Children and youth with ID	50	0.89	0.808	0.949
Children and youth with TD	50	0.81	0.657	0.890