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Research Article

Violacein cytotoxicity on human blood lymphocytes and effect on phosphatases

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Pages 449-454 | Received 28 May 2005, Accepted 16 Jun 2005, Published online: 04 Oct 2008

Figures & data

Figure 1 Chemical structure of violacein.

Figure 1 Chemical structure of violacein.

Figure 2 Cytotoxicity of violacein in human lymphocytes after 24 hours of incubation. The curves show the effects of violacein on MTT reduction, total protein content and protein phosphatase activity. The inhibition was expressed relative to normal cell viability (100%) and each point represents the mean ± SD of at least three experiments run in quadruplicate.

Figure 2 Cytotoxicity of violacein in human lymphocytes after 24 hours of incubation. The curves show the effects of violacein on MTT reduction, total protein content and protein phosphatase activity. The inhibition was expressed relative to normal cell viability (100%) and each point represents the mean ± SD of at least three experiments run in quadruplicate.

Figure 3 Effect of violacein on total phosphatases (A) and soluble phosphatases (B) from human lymphocytes. *p < 0.01 compared to control (ANOVA, Tukey test).

Figure 3 Effect of violacein on total phosphatases (A) and soluble phosphatases (B) from human lymphocytes. *p < 0.01 compared to control (ANOVA, Tukey test).

Figure 4 Effect of violacein on tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) extracted from human blood serum (A). The enzyme activity was also measured with and without pre-incubation with violacein (B).

Figure 4 Effect of violacein on tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) extracted from human blood serum (A). The enzyme activity was also measured with and without pre-incubation with violacein (B).

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