Antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity studies on Indigofera gerardiana

Figures & data

Table I.  Antibacterial activity of crude extract and the fractions of Indigofera gerardiana represented as zones of inhibition of bacterial growth (in mm). 0.2 mL of the test samples was 10 mg/mL, while for imipenum it was 10 μg/disc.

	Zones of inhibition of bacterial growth (in mm) by various samples
Name of Bacteria	Std. drug	SI-1	SI-2	SI-3	SI-4	SI-5	SI-6
Escherchia coli	24	–	10	9	–	–	11
Bacillus subtilis	23	–	–	–	–	–	–
Shigella flexeneri	28	11	–	–	12	9	–
Staphylococcus aureus	27	11	13	9	–	–	–
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	20	–	–	–	–	11	9
Salmonella typhi	26	8	15	–	–	7	12

Std. drug: imepenem, SI-1 = Crude extract; SI-2 = n-hexane fraction; SI-3 = Chloroform fraction; SI-4 = Ethylacetate fraction; SI-5 = Butanol fraction and SI-6 = Aqueous fraction.

Table II.  Antibacterial activity of crude extract and the fractions of Indigofera gerardiana represented as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC, μg/mL).

	Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC, mg/mL)
Name of Bacteria	Std. drug	SI-1	SI-2	SI-3	SI-4	SI-5	SI-6
Escherchia coli	0.00019	50	0.62	0.83	>100	>100	0.54
Bacillus subtilis	0.00022	>200	50	>100	>100	>100	>200
Shigella flexeneri	0.00013	0.51	>100	>100	0.46	0.79	50
Staphylococcus aureus	0.00016	0.64	0.41	0.81	>100	>200	>200
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	0.00031	100	50	>100	50	0.59	0.78
Salmonella typhi	0.00017	0.89	0.37	50	50	0.96	0.49

Std. drug: imepenem, SI-1 = Crude extract; SI-2 = n-hexane fraction; SI-3 = Chloroform fraction; SI-4 = Ethylacetate fraction; SI-5 = Butanol fraction and SI-6 = Aqueous fraction.

Table III.  Antifungal activity of crude extract and the fractions of Indigofera gerardiana represented as % inhibition of fungal growth. 0.2 mL of the test samples was 20 mg/mL, while for miconazole and amphotericin B it was 10 μg/disc and 5 μg/disc, respectively.

	% Inhibition of Fungal Growth By Various Samples
Name of Fungus	Std. drug	SI-1	SI-2	SI-3	SI-4	SI-5	SI-6
Trichophyton longifusus	100^1	60	–	–	50	–	30
Candida albicans	100^1	50	–	10	80	–	10
Aspergillus flavus	100^2	–	20	60	–	20	40
Microspoum canis	100^1	50	90	50	40	90	70
Fusarium solani	100^1	40	70	20	40	20	40
Candida glaberata	100^1	–	–	–	–	–	–

SI-1 = Crude extract; SI-2 = n-hexane fraction; SI-3 = Chloroform fraction; SI-4 = Ethylacetate fraction; SI-5 = Butanol fraction and SI-6 = Aqueous fraction.

¹ Standandard Drug = Miconazole

² Standandard Drug = Amphotericin B

Table IV.  Antifungal activity of crude extract and the fractions of Indigofera gerardiana represented as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC, μg/mL).

	Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC, μg/mL)
Name of Fungus	Std. drug	SI-1	SI-2	SI-3	SI-4	SI-5	SI-6
Trichophyton longifusus	1.4^1	190	–	>10000	210	–	680
Candida albicans	1.8^1	220	50000	50	170	–	940
Aspergillus flavus	2.3^2	50000	780	180	50000	830	230
Microspoum canis	1.6	260	90	210	290	110	160
Fusarium solani	1.1^1	270	150	810	280	790	210
Candida glaberata	0.5^1	–	–	–	–	50000	50000

SI-1 = Crude extract; SI-2 = n-hexane fraction; SI-3 = Chloroform fraction; SI-4 = Ethylacetate fraction; SI-5 = Butanol fraction and SI-6 = Aqueous fraction.

¹ Standandard Drug = Miconazole

² Standandard Drug = Amphotericin B

Figure 1.  Insecticidal activity of the crude extract and fractions of Indigofera gerardiana at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. SI-1 = Crude extract; SI-2 = n-hexane fraction; SI-3 = Chloroform fraction; SI-4 = Ethylacetate fraction; SI-5 = Butanol fraction and SI-6 = Aqueous fraction. T. castaneum = Tribolium castaneum; S. oryzae = Sitophilus oryzae; R. dominica = Rhyzopartha dominica; C. analis = Callosbruchus analis.

Figure 2.  Phytotoxicity (herbicidal) activity of the crude extract and fractions of Indigofera gerardiana.SI-1 = Crude extract; SI-2 = n-hexane fraction; SI-3 = Chloroform fraction; SI-4 = Ethylacetate fraction; SI-5 = Butanol fraction and SI-6 = Aqueous fraction.