Whole person recovery from substance use disorder: a call for research examining a dynamic behavioral ecological model of contexts supportive of recovery

Figures & data

Figure 1. Socioecological model of factors that may promote or hinder substance use disorder recovery in context.

Figure 2. Dynamic behavioral ecological model of person-specific substance use disorder (A) and recovery (B) pathways in context.

Table 1. Guidance for examining the dynamic behavioral ecological model of recovery.

	Minimal		Ideal
Measures/constructs (variable domains)	Postal codes to assess a range of community, environmental, and policy-level factors	Recovery capital (e.g. self-reported recovery resources, strengths, and assets to support recovery)	Neighborhood-level factors assessed via passive global positioning system (GPS) location data
	Self-reported socio-economic factors (basic needs)	Positive consequences/reasons for substance use	Money and time allocation assessed prospectively with objective verification
	Race, ethnicity, and gender (as proxy variables to social factors)	Self-reported activity engagement and peer connection/substance use	GPS-based activity monitoring of patterns of substance use and substance-free activity engagement
	Alcohol and other drug use	Family and peer reports of substance use and time allocation
	Life functioning and quality of life
Research designs	Longitudinal panel studies	Daily diary designs with multiple levels of the ecological model included in the analyses	Intensive longitudinal designs with passive sensing of lived experience, informed by community-based participatory research
	Cross-sectional studies that measure multiple levels of the ecological model
Analysis	Multilevel modeling with individuals nested within communities	Qualitative and mixed methods analysis within multilevel analysis	Dynamic analysis using regime switching models, van der Pol equations, network models, or systems engineering models
			Group iterative multiple model estimation