Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for depression and anxiety among Arabic-speaking individuals in Sweden: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of participants at pre-treatment

Baseline characteristic	ICBT (n = 30)	Wait-list control (n = 29)	Full sample (n = 59)
Age (years): M (SD) Range: Min-Max	40.5 (11.4)	34.7 (10.9)	37.5 (11.4)
	21–60	20–60	20–69
Gender: n (% male)	19 (63%)	15 (48%)	34 (58%)
Highest Educational Level: n (%)
Elementary school	2 (7%)	0	2 (7%)
Upper secondary school	13 (43%)	10 (35%)	23 (39%)
Vocational education	1 (3%)	1 (3%)	2 (7%)
University (ongoing)	3 (10%)	5 (17%)	8 (14%)
University (completed)	7 (23%)	12 (41%)	19 (32%)
Other	4 (13%)	1 (3%)	5 (8%)
Occupation: n (%)
Student	11 (37%)	11 (38%)	22 (37%)
Employed	5 (17%)	5 (17%)	10 (17%)
Unemployed	7 (23%)	7 (24%)	14 (24%)
Sick leave (>3 months)	1 (3%)	1 (3%)	2 (3%)
Parental leave	1 (3%)	0	1 (2%)
Other	5 (17%)	5 (17%)	10 (17%)
Prior psychological treatment: n (% yes)	2 (7%)	7 (24%)	9 (15%)
Taking medication: n (%)
Yes	4 (13%)	6 (21%)	10 (17%)
No, but previously	3 (10%)	3 (10%)	6 (10%)
No	23 (77%)	20 (69%)	43 (73%)
Born in Sweden: n (%)
Yes	0	0	0
No	30 (100%)	29 (100%)	59 (100%)
Immigration status: n (%)
Immigrant	2 (7%)	2 (7%)	4 (7%)
Refugee	23 (77%)	23 (79%)	46 (78%)
Do not want to answer	5 (17%)	4 (14%)	9 (15%)

Figure 1. Flow chart of participants throughout the current study

Table 2. Number of completed modules during treatment

	N completed (%)
Zero modules	9 (30%)
One module	2 (6.7%)
Two modules	4 (13.3%)
Three modules	5 (16.7%)
Four modules	5 (16.7%)
Five modules	2 (6.7%)
Six modules	2 (6.7%)

Table 3. Observed means, standard deviations and Ns for each measure for the two conditions over time

	Pre-treatment			Week 3			Post-treatment
Measure and condition	M	SD	N	M	SD	N	M	SD	N
PHQ-9
ICBT	15.63	6.67	30	13.81	5.45	21	11.67	6.05	18
wait-list	17.79	5.29	29	15.87	4.76	23	17.33	5.29	18
GAD-7
ICBT	13.07	4.73	30	11.76	4.42	21	9.11	5.46	18
wait-list	13.93	5.0	29	13.04	5.022	23	13.56	5.28	18
PSS-14
ICBT	36.17	5.41	30	32.48	6.77	21	29.44	7.16	18
wait-list	38.21	6.18	29	37.33	6.90	24	36.78	6.84	18
ISI
ICBT	15.53	6.07	30	13.71	6.88	21	11.72	6.69	18
wait-list	16.59	6.21	29	16.46	5.93	24	15.72	7.15	18
IES-R
ICBT	52.23	17.58	30	51.90	18.28	21	45.61	19.23	18
wait-list	54.34	16.02	29	51.70	16.0	23	48.61	16.98	18
BBQ
ICBT	38.77	17.91	30	44.95	20.05	21	50.22	18.58	18
wait-list	34.17	20.46	29	31.26	14.71	23	33.61	16.74	18
AUDIT
ICBT	1.33	3.78	30	1.48	4.08	21	1.11	2.93	18
wait-list	1.34	2.47	29	1.0	2.07	23	1.06	2.24	18

Table

	PHQ-9		GAD-7		PSS-14		ISI		IES-R		BBQ
	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE
Fixed effects
Initial level β0	17.12	1.08	13.75	0.86	38	1.01	16.66	1.08	54.43	3.04	33.66	3.42
Time β1	−0.04	0.15	−0.09	0.12	−0.18	0.15	−0.06	0.1	−1.43	2.15	0.15	0.48
Group β2	−1.7	1.48	−0.69	1.2	−2.16	1.42	−1.16	1.52	−2.09	4.27	5.92	4.85
Group X Time β3	−0.42b	0.2	−0.29	0.17	−0.53b	0.21	−0.37b	0.14	−0.23	0.43	1.12	0.69
Random effects
Variance initial level b0i	19.62a	7.39	14.7a	4.71	14.13	7.95	25.18a	7.13	224.29a	63.8	255.94a	76.91
Variance slope b1i	−0.19	0.3	−0.03	0.19	−0.02	0.39	−0.1	0.26	−1.43	2.15	2.75	2.58
Covariance initial level-slope	0.07	1.1	0.14	0.65	1.36	1.1	1.15	0.78	2.99	8.16	−6.86	10.36
Residual ε ti	15.77b	7.23	8.2b	4.15	18.46b	8.3	11.24	5.8	49.51	49.5	100.87	64.04

ap <.01

bp <.05

Data availability statement

The data on which the present study is based are not publicly available due to ethical restrictions; however, the data is available on request from the corresponding author.