Accessible digital assessments of temporal, spatial, or movement concepts for profoundly motor impaired and non-verbal individuals: a pilot study

Figures & data

Figure 1. The hardware running the video-based assessment.

Figure 2. Static image-based assessment: Screen examples – the number in parentheses indicates the number of questions in each section.

Figure 3. Video-based assessment: The two pages.

Figure 4. Video-based assessment: First and final frames of the “moving forwards” video clip (page 1, bottom-left cell).

Table 1. Differences in design and administration procedures of the static image and video-based assessments.

	Static image-based	Video-based
Method of question delivery	Synthesized speech – via the Grid 3. The participant can also activate a cell to listen to the question on demand	The SaLT reads the questions aloud
Answer selection method	Dwell-click (briefly fixating on an answer cell)	Continuous fixation.  The SaLT determines which cell is being attended to based on the position of a visible cursor
Access check	4 questions, carried out through the digital assessment	No questions, the check was carried out by the SaLT (by visual observation)
Practice questions	3 questions, carried out through the digital assessment	None (assumed carry-over from previously completing the similar format static image-based assessment)
Recording of answers	Automatically by the digital assessment	Manually – by the SaLT
Answer cell type	Static image	Animation or video

Table 2. P1 and P2: static image-based assessment results for baseline and outcome stages.

	P1		P2
	Baseline	Outcome measures	Baseline	Outcome measures
Practice	3/3	3/3	2/3	3/3
Assessment	15/17	15/17	4/17	7/17
Totals	18/20	18/20	6/20	10/20

Figure 5. P2: static image-based assessment results – answers displayed and grouped by cell position (baseline and outcome stages).

Table 3. P1 and P2: video-based assessment results (baseline and outcome stages).

P1		P2
Baseline	Outcome measures	Baseline	Outcome measures
6/8	6/8	4/8	3/8

Figure 6. P2: video-based assessment results – answers displayed and grouped by cell position (baseline and outcome stages).

Table A1. A sample of a static image-based assessment log file.

Date	Time	Page	Cell/correct answer	Given answer	Correct/incorrect
27/6/2017	14:16:47	Right	Which one is right?
27/6/2017	14:16:54	Right	Which one is right?
27/6/2017	14:17:01	Right	Right (Top-Left)	Left (Bottom-Right)	Incorrect
27/6/2017	14:17:07	Behind	Which one is behind the table?
27/6/2017	14:17:20	Behind	Which one is behind the table?
27/6/2017	14:17:27	Behind	Behind (Top-Right)	Behind (Top-Right)	Correct
27/6/2017	14:18:09	Lower	Which one is lower?
27/6/2017	14:18:18	Lower	Which one is lower?
27/6/2017	14:18:24	Lower	Lower (Top-Right)	Lower (Top-Right)	Correct

Table A2. The words that were tested within the static image-based assessment.

	Concept	Type
Practice
1	Horse	Noun
2	Boat	Noun
3	Banana	Noun
Assessment
1	Red	Adjective
2	Above	Preposition
3	Green	Adjective
4	Left	Preposition
5	In front	Preposition
6	Middle	Preposition
7	Blue	Adjective
8	Right	Preposition
9	Behind	Preposition
10	Lower	Preposition
11	Yellow	Adjective
12	On	Preposition
13	Higher	Preposition
14	Under	Preposition
15	In	Preposition
16	Far apart	Preposition
17	Near	Preposition