Internet-based self-help using automatic messages and support on demand for generalized anxiety disorder: an open pilot study

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics and pre-treatment variables.

		Participants (N = 32)
Gender
Female		28 (87.5%)
Male		4 (12.5%)
Age, mean and SD		37.9 (10.9)
Marital status
Single		7 (21.9%)
Living apart		5 (15.6%)
Married/living with partner		20 (62.5%)
Highest education
High school		7 (21.9%)
University		25 (78.1%)
Occupation
Working		25 (78.1%)
Student		3 (9.4%)
Working & student		1 (3.1%)
Student & unemployed		1 (3.1%)
Other		2 (6.3%)
Psychiatric medication
Never		16 (50%)
Previous		10 (31.2%)
Current		6 (18.8%)
Previous Psychotherapy
No		6 (18.8%)
Yes		26 (81.2%)

Table 2. Observed means, (standard deviations), and effect sizes on outcome measures at baseline (intake to RCT), pre-treatment and post-treatment.

	(N = 32) M (SD)		Within group effects Cohen´s d	p Value
PSWQ
Baseline	67.59	(6.50)
Pre-treatment	64.84	(5.96)	Base – pre: d = 0.44	p = 0.013
Post-treatment	54.97	(10.87)	Pre – post: d = 1.17	p = 0.001
GAD-Q-IV
Baseline	10.29	(0.83)
Pre-treatment	9.35	(1.60)	Base – pre: d = 0.77	p = 0.001
Post-treatment	5.51	(1.23)	Pre – post: d = 2.71	p = 0.001
GAD-7
Baseline	13.13	(4.03)
Pre-treatment	11.06	(3.65)	Base – pre: d = 0.53	p = 0.006
Post-treatment	6.91	(3.64)	Pre – post: d = 1.13	p = 0.001
BAI
Baseline	20.84	(8.14)
Pre-treatment	16.94	(6.14)	Base – pre: d = 0.54	p = 0.004
Post-treatment	11.19	(7.51)	Pre – post: d = 0.84	p = 0.001
MADRS-S
Baseline	20.13	(6.09)
Pre-treatment	17.34	(4.92)	Base – pre: d = 0.50	p = 0.005
Post-treatment	10.00	(6.03)	Pre – post: d = 1.34	p = 0.001
PHQ-9
Baseline	11.94	(4.78)
Pre-treatment	8.88	(4.10)	Base – pre: d = 0.68	p = 0.002
Post treatment	4.56	(4.15)	Pre – post: d = 1.05	p = 0.001
QOLI
Baseline	1.02	(1.67)
Pre-treatment	1.37	(1.41)	Base – pre: d= −0.22#	p = 0.048
Post-treatment	1.90	(1.69)	Pre – post: d=-0.34#	p = 0.034

^#A negative score on QOLI indicates an improvement.

PSWQ: Penn State Worry Questionnaire; GAD-Q-IV: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale; BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; MADRS-S: Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale – Self rated; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9; QOLI: Quality of Life Inventory.

Table 3. Number and percentage of participants accessing treatment modules. (N = 32).

	n (percentage)
Module 1: Psychoeducation	32 (100%)
Module 2: Functional analysis	31 (96.8%)
Module 3: Values & activities	29 (90.6%)
Module 4: Mindfulness	27 (84.4%)
Module 5: Alternatives to worry	27 (84.4%)
Module 6: Acceptance	22 (68.7%)
Module 7: Relapse prevention	19 (59.3%)

Table 4. Number of contacts with support and time spent by the support.

	Total time used for support	Number of contacts	Average time spent per contact in minutes
Treatment support	59 min	18	3.3
Technical support	68 min	23	3.0