An Open-Label Single-Arm, Monocentric Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Natural Pterostilbene (Pterocarpus marsupium) for Skin Brightening and Antiaging Effects

Figures & data

Table 1 Grading Scales for Dermatological Assessment for Efficacy

Parameter	Crow’s Feet Photo Grading		Skin Texture	Evenness of Skin Tone	Skin Firmness and Elasticity	Frown Line Glabellar Line Severity Scale GLSS	Nasolabial Fold Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale WSRS	Under Eye Fine Lines
Score	Category	Score	Category	Category	Category	Category	Category	Category
0	No wrinkle	1	Very rough	Very uneven toned skin/highly heterogeneous in colour across the face	Very loose	none	absent (no visible fold)	Photonumeric Scale 1to 9 where 1= minimum and 9= maximum
1	Very Fine Wrinkle	2	Moderately Rough	Moderately un-even toned skin/moderate heterogenicity in colour across the face	Loose	mild	mild (shallow fold)
2	Fine Wrinkle	3	Neither Rough nor smooth	Slightly even toned skin/moderate homogenicity in colour across the face	Slightly firm	moderate	moderate (moderate fold, not visible when stretched)
3	Moderate Wrinkle	4	Moderately smooth	Moderately even toned skin/moderate homogenicity in colour across the face	Moderately firm	severe	severe (prominent, long, deep folds)
4	Severe Wrinkle	5	Highly smooth	Very Even toned skin/highly homogeneous in colour across the face	Very firm		extreme (extremely deep and long folds; detrimental to facial appearance

Table 2 Melanogenesis and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity and Anti-Collagenase and Anti-Elastase Activity

S.No.	Parameter	Pterostilbene IC50 µg/mL
1	Melanogenesis Inhibitory activity	0.55
2	Tyrosinase inhibitory activity	7
3	Anti-Collagenase	125
4	Anti-Elastase activity	50

Notes: The inhibitory assays were performed as described in the methods. Kojic acid, used as a positive control showed an IC₅₀ of 50 µg/mL for Melanogenesis and 3.5 µg/mL for tyrosinase inhibition. The positive control for collagenase (1,10- Phenanthroline monohydrate) and Elastase (N-methoxysuccinyl Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-Chloromethyl ketone) were provided in the kit and showed 100% inhibition at 10mM concentration.

Figure 1 Skin brightness analysis by spectrophotometer: (A) forehead week 2 vs baseline p=0.04327 and week 4 vs baseline p=0.0498; (B) cheek week 2 vs baseline p=0.0.076 and week 4 vs baseline p=0.0001; (C) upper inner arm - volar biceps: week 2 vs baseline p=0.2948 and week 4 vs baseline p=0.7312; (D) ΔL (VB-FH) week 2 vs baseline p=0.03118and week 4 vs baseline p=0.0219; ΔL VB - Cheeks: week 2 vs baseline p=0.0002and week 4 vs baseline p<0.0001.

Figure 2 Skin hydration assessment by Corneometer for forehead and cheek at week 2 (day 15), week 4 (day 30) vs baseline all p<0.0001.

Figure 3 Cutometer assessment of Skin elasticity Gross elasticity: (A) Week 4 vs baseline p<0.0001 and Week 8 vs baseline p<0.0001; Maximum Amplitude of Elasticity: Week 4 vs baseline p<0.0001 and Week 8 vs baseline p<0.0001; Net Elasticity: Week 4 vs baseline p<0.0002 and Week 8 vs baseline p<0.0001; Visco Elasticity: Week 4 vs baseline p=0.2933 and Week 8 vs baseline p<0.0235. (B) Skin evaluation of Fine Lines, Wrinkles and Skin Texture using Antera; Fine lines, Medium and large wrinkles, and skin texture: week 4, week 8 vs baseline all p<0.0001. (C) Dermatological assessment: Mean value for Shade card assessment for skin fairness: for forehead, cheek, untreated control, Forehead vs Untreated control and cheek vs untreated control at Week 2 vs baseline p=0.9999, week 4 vs baseline p<0.0001, and Untreated control week 2 and week 4 vs baseline p=0.9999.

Figure 4 (A) Antera Image of fine lines, medium wrinkles, large wrinkles at baseline, Week 4 (W4) and Week 8 (W8) Right (FR) and Left (FL) side of the face. (B) Visia Image: cross polarized light: front, left, and right view - baseline, Week 4 and Week 8.

Figure 5 Dermatological assessment. (A) Mean value for skin texture Week 2 p=0.9999, Week 4 p=0.3458, Week 8 p=0.3458. (B) Mean value for crow feet grading Week 2 p=0.9999, Week 4 p=0.9999, Week 8 p=0.0029. (C) Mean value for frown lines Week 2 p=0.9999, Week 4 p=0.1489, Week 8 p=0.0107. (D) Mean value for under eye fine lines Week 2 p=0.0006, Week 4 p=0.0001, Week 8 p=0.0001.