Recent Advances of Microfluidic Platforms for Controlled Drug Delivery in Nanomedicine

Figures & data

Figure 1 Microfluidics as a tool for drug delivery.

Table 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Methods Used in in vitro Drug Screening by Microfluidics

In vitro Culture	Advantages	Disadvantages	Reference
2D cell culture	Cells grow on flat, usually plastic, dishes where they adhere and spread, allow the study of cell behavior using cheap materials and simple technologies, universally known, several protocols and extensive literature are available to analyze data and understand cell behavior	Restricted simulation of the complex cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions to investigate cell behavior	[^Citation66^–^Citation69]
3D cell culture	Improves tissue organization; enhances the expression of differentiated functions; and allows high-resolution live imaging and high-throughput and low-cost drug screening	Static condition, difficult to completely mimic the in vivo system and reflect their anatomic and physiologic properties higher cell viability at the same concentration	[^Citation10,Citation70]
(Organ-on-a-chip)	System geometry and structures recreate physiological length scales and concentration gradients, and the fluid flow generates mechanical forces that recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment	Do not accurately predict human responses due to inter-species difference in genetic makeup, along with being extremely time-consuming, expensive, low-throughput and raising ethical concerns	[^Citation29,Citation71]

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