Figures & data
Figure 1 Chemical structure of (+)-grandifloracin.
Figure 2 Effect of (+)-grandifloracin on PANC-1 cell survival after 24 hours in NDM and normal medium (DMEM). (A) Effect of (+)-grandifloracin concentration on cell survival in NDM and DMEM. (B) Effects of medium components, ie, glucose, amino acids, and serum. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, n=3. *P<0.05; **P<0.01 indicate significant difference from the control.
Figure 3 Effect of conventional anticancer agents against PANC-1 cells after 24 hours in NDM and DMEM. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, n=3.
Figure 4 Assessment of cytotoxicity of conventional anticancer agents against PANC-1 cells in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, n=3. *P<0.05; **P<0.01 indicates a significant difference from the control.
Figure 5 Effect of GF (25 μM) on PANC-1 cell morphology after 8 hours in N Phase-contrast (upper left), fluorescent (lower left), and merged (lower images of PANC-1 cells.
Figure 6 Assessment of apoptosis by GF. PANC-1 cells were treated with vehicle or GF (12.5 μM and 25 μM) in nutrient-deprived medium. After treatment (6 hours and 12 hours), the cells were treated with Annexin V/7-AAD reagent and cytometric analysis was performed.
Figure 7 Effect of GF against Akt, mTOR, LC3A/B I, and LC3A/B II.
