Figures & data
Figure 1 Stages of microbial biofilm formation over a surface.
Notes: The stages include: adherence of microbial cells (1), reversible adhesion (2), irreversible adhesion (3), maturation (4), and detachment of cells (5). The arrows explain the migration of single cells and pieces of biofilm in EPS matrix that are released after the detachment stage, and the capacity to restart the formation process.
Abbreviation: EPS, extracellular polymeric substances.
Figure 2 Interactions of nanoparticles based in drug delivery system on biofilm formation process.
Notes: Interaction of nanoparticles based in drug delivery systems in different stages of biofilm formation (A): adherence of microbial cells (1), reversible adhesion (2), irreversible adhesion (3), maturation (4), and detachment of cells (5). Nanoparticles interaction with single cells (B) and EPS matrix (C).
Abbreviation: EPS, extracellular polymeric substances.
Figure 3 Structure of liposomes.
Table 1 LIPs used for control of microbial biofilms
Figure 4 Micro- and nanoemulsion structure: oil-in-water and water-in-oil.
Table 2 MEs and nanoemulsions used for control of microbial biofilms
Figure 5 Structure and properties of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin.
Table 3 CDs for control of microbial biofilms
Figure 6 Solid lipid nanoparticles structure.
Table 4 SLNs for control of microbial biofilms
Figure 7 Polymeric nanoparticles structure for drug delivery.
Table 5 PNs for control of microbial biofilms
Table 6 Zinc and ZnO-NPs for control of microbial biofilms
Table 7 TiNPs and TiO2-NPs for control of microbial biofilms
Table 8 AgNPs for control of microbial biofilms
Table 9 AuNPs for control of microbial biofilms