Curcumin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers prepared using Peceol™ and olive oil in photodynamic therapy: development and application in breast cancer cell line

Figures & data

Table 1 Curcumin NLCs formulae prepared according to 3×4 factorial design

Formula code	Factorial design factors
	Solid lipid type	Solid lipid : liquid lipid
PE1	Glyceryl monooleate	70:30
PE2		85:15
PE3		95:5
GE1	Geleol	70:30
GE2		85:15
GE3		95:5
CO1	Glyceryl dibehenate	70:30
CO2		85:15
CO3		95:5
PR1	Glyceryl distearate	70:30
PR2		85:15
PR3		95:5

Abbreviations: PE, formula containing glyceryl monooleate; GE, Geleol; CO, formula containing gyceryl dibehenate; PR, formula containing glyceryl distearate.

Table 2 Particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, percentage entrapment efficiency and drug loading for CUR-NLCs

Formula code	Particle size (nm)	Polydispersity index	Zeta potential (mV)	EE%	DL%
PE1	101.80±1.41	0.37±0.07	−31.20±0.71	62.62	0.78
PE2	108.75±1.77	0.22±0.00	−34.00±0.57	73.19	0.92
PE3	107.45±7.28	0.31±0.00	−44.10±0.57	75.56	0.94
GE1	117.32±30.38	0.30±0.08	−32.90±3.11	63.77	00.8
GE2	134.10±3.54	0.27±0.02	−35.65±2.62	66.43	0.83
GE3	114.20±12.45	0.30±0.01	−47.50±2.69	82.49	1.03
CO1	284.00±28.28	0.34±0.07	−6.10±0.28	47.11	0.59
CO2	444.50±20.51	0.82±0.17	−23.70±6.36	63.97	0.79
CO3	1248.00±453.96	0.40±0.08	−24.15±6.58	64.57	0.80
PR1	185.10±4.95	0.23±0.04	−30.55±1.48	51.55	0.64
PR2	241.90±28.43	0.18±0.01	−27.75±3.46	69.79	0.86
PR3	265.70±19.94	0.84±0.16	−10.25±0.21	70.11	0.87

Abbreviations: EE%, percentage encapsulation efficiency; DL%, percentage drug loading.

Figure 1 Response surface model (RSM) results for the best formulae (1) GE3 and (2) PE3 showing desirability scores, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency percentage and drug loading percentage.

Figure 2 (A and B) Images obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for (A) PE3 and (B) GE3.

Figure 3 The cumulative percentage of CUR released from PE3 and GE3.

Figure 4 Evaluation of particle size and zeta potential of PE3 and GE3 over the storage period.

Abbreviations: PE, Peceol; GE, Geleol.

Figure 5 (A–F) Inverted microscope images revealing the effect of 5 µg/mL of each of (A) free CUR (dark), (B) PE3 (dark), (C) GE3 (dark), (D) free CUR (light), (E) PE3 (light) and (F) GE3 (light) on MCF-7 cell line (magnification power 40X).

Figure 6 MCF-7 cell survival percentages plot following exposure to free CUR, PE3 and GE3 under dark and light settings.

Abbreviations: CUR, curcumin; PE, Peceol; GE, Geleol.