Oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage in multiple organs of mice acutely exposed to amorphous silica nanoparticles

Figures & data

Figure 1 Electron micrograph of suspension of amorphous silica nanoparticles.

Figure 2 Circulating leukocyte numbers (A) and plasma activities of LDH (B) and CK (C) 24 hours after the administration of amorphous SiNPs (0.25 mg/kg) in mice (n=7–8).

Abbreviations: LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CK, creatine kinase; SiNPs, silica nanoparticles.

Figure 3 ALT (A) and AST (B) levels 24 hours after the administration of amorphous SiNPs (0.25 mg/kg) in mice (n=8).

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; SiNPs, silica nanoparticles.

Table 1 Effect of amorphous SiNPs on concentrations of LPO and activities of SOD and CAT in various organs, including the lung, heart, liver, kidney, and brain

Markers of oxidative stress	Lung		Heart		Liver		Kidney		Brain
	Saline	SiNPs	Saline	SiNPs	Saline	SiNPs	Saline	SiNPs	Saline	SiNPs
LPO (µM/mg of protein)	7±0.3	13±0.4a	4±0.2	4±0.5	4±0.2	7±0.9b	3±0.05	6±0.2b	2±0.1	5±0.5c
SOD (U/mg of protein)	23±0.3	42±2c	13±1	22±0.8d	62±0.9	170±20c	52±2	89±1a	27±1	111±6b
CAT (nmol/mg of protein/min)	98±4	85±3e	30±1	37±1b	984±60	1,590±10c	496±14	722±21a	13±0.9	45±7c

Note:

a P<0.0001,

b P<0.005,

c P<0.01,

d P<0.001, and

e P<0.05 compared with the saline-treated group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

Abbreviations: SiNPs, silica nanoparticles; LPO, lipid peroxidation; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Table 2 Effect of amorphous SiNPs on concentrations of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β in various organs, including the lung, heart, liver, kidney, and brain

Markers of inflammation	Lung		Heart		Liver		Kidney		Brain
	Saline	SiNPs	Saline	SiNPs	Saline	SiNPs	Saline	SiNPs	Saline	SiNPs
TNFα (pg/mg of protein)	341±27	911±62a	60±8	208±28b	31,116±3,902	50,318±9,255	4,540±805	46,972±9,124b	159±11	231±49
IL-6 (pg/mg of protein)	17±0.5	46±2c	6±0.4	7±0.3	47±3	50±3	53±5	105±5a	13±3	16±3
IL-1β (pg/mg of protein)	9±1	59±2a	260±15	256±19	40±3	73±7c	49±2	55±8	293±11	529±125d

Notes:

a P<0.0001,

b P<0.01,

c P<0.005, and

d P<0.05 compared with the saline-treated group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

Abbreviations: SiNPs, silica nanoparticles; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-1β, interleukin-1beta; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Figure 4 Effect of SiNPs on DNA migration in various organs.

Notes: DNA migration in the lung (A), heart (B), liver (C), kidney (D), and brain (E) tissues 24 hours after the administration of amorphous SiNPs (0.25 mg/kg) in mice. Data are mean ± SEM (n=5). Images illustrate the quantification of the DNA migration by the comet assay under alkaline conditions in the lung (F), heart (G), liver (H), kidney (I), and brain (J) tissues. The magnification in F–J is 20×.

Abbreviations: SiNPs, silica nanoparticles; SEM, standard error of the mean.