Current and emerging “at-site” pain medications: a review

Figures & data

Figure 1 Summary of pain pathophysiology and some pain targets.

Abbreviations: CB, cannabinoid; COX, cyclooxygenase; NMDA, N-Methyl-D-aspartate.

Figure 2 Chemical structures of some nonselective CB receptor modulators.

Abbreviations: CB, cannabinoid; K_i, inhibition constant.

Figure 3 Chemical structures of some selective CB₂ receptor modulators.

Abbreviations: CB, cannabinoid; K_i, inhibition constant.

Figure 4 Chemical structures of some selective CB₂ receptor modulators.

Abbreviations: CB, cannabinoid; EC₅₀, half-maximal effective concentration; K_i, inhibition constant.

Figure 5 Chemical structures of some TRPV1 receptor antagonists.

Abbreviations: EC₅₀, half-maximal effective concentration; IC₅₀, half-maximal inhibitory concentration; TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid-1.

Figure 6 Chemical structures of some P2X7 receptor antagonists.

Abbreviation: pIC₅₀, negative logarithm of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration.

Figure 7 Chemical structures of some glial cell modulators.