Evidence for validity of a survey to measure the learning environment for professionalism

Figures & data

Table 1.  LEP survey items

I have observed residents/attendings

(1) Who are positive role models of effective doctor–patient relationships.

(2) Make derogatory comments about a patient or patient's family.

(3) Educating patients about their illnesses.

(4) Inappropriately withholding information or intentionally giving incorrect information to a patient.

(5) Who value human contact with their patients as an important component of patient care.

(6) Make derogatory comments about other physicians, health care providers or services.

(7) Who were concerned about the overall well-being of patients, not just their presenting complaints.

(8) Treating non-physician healthcare workers in a disrespectful or inappropriate manner.

(9) Treating patients unfairly because of the patient's financial status, ethnic background, sexual or religious preferences.

(10) Discussing confidential information in an inappropriate setting (e.g., cafeteria, crowded elevator).

(11) Place the needs of their patients ahead of their own self-interest.

Table 2.  Item factor loadings, internal reliability coefficients, and explained variance

Item number		1	2
1	Residents	0.77	0.15
	Attendings	0.77	0.17
2	Residents	0.31	0.61
	Attendings	0.25	0.63
3	Residents	0.73	0.03
	Attendings	0.74	−0.04
4	Residents	0.09	0.72
	Attendings	−0.10	0.75
5	Residents	0.85	0.16
	Attendings	0.83	0.10
6	Residents	0.33	0.69
	Attendings	0.28	0.66
7	Residents	0.82	0.16
	Attendings	0.82	0.08
8	Residents	0.15	0.67
	Attendings	0.09	0.72
9	Residents	−0.15	0.72
	Attendings	−0.14	0.75
10	Residents	0.02	0.66
	Attendings	0.05	0.69
11	Residents	0.64	0.03
	Attendings	0.66	0.01
Cronbach's alpha residents		0.82	0.77
Cronbach's alpha attendings		0.82	0.78
Explained variance (%) residents		36	19
Explained variance (%) attendings		33	23

Note: Items that load greater than 0.45 on a factor are shown in bold face.

Table 3.  LEP survey mean scores in 2008 and 2009

Clerkship	LEP subscales	2008 Mean ± SD	2009 Mean ± SD
A	Professional	3.46 ± 0.49	3.52 ± 0.42
	Unprofessional	3.69 ± 0.40	3.81 ± 0.21
B	Professional	3.61 ± 0.39	3.69 ± 0.38
	Unprofessional	3.76 ± 0.62	3.94 ± 0.13
C	Professional	3.32 ± 0.53	3.29 ± 0.54
	Unprofessional	3.66 ± 0.27	3.71 ± 0.27
D	Professional	3.16 ± 0.63	3.46 ± 0.47
	Unprofessional	3.59 ± 0.48	3.81 ± 0.25
E	Professional	3.48 ± 0.53	3.38 ± 0.58
	Unprofessional	3.69 ± 0.51	3.69 ± 0.63
F	Professional	3.34 ± 0.53	3.57 ± 0.56
	Unprofessional	3.70 ± 0.32	3.75 ± 0.23
G	Professional	2.93 ± 0.57	3.10 ± 0.53
	Unprofessional	3.50 ± 0.38	3.56 ± 0.31
Total	Professional	3.31 ± 0.57	3.45 ± 0.52
	Unprofessional	3.64 ± 0.42	3.76 ± 0.32

Figure 1. LEP survey mean change on subscale scores from 2008 to 2009.