Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension: Rule of thirds in the Skaraborg project

Figures & data

Table I. Study characteristics of men and women participating in the Vara-Skövde population survey 2001–2005.

	Men n =1400		Women n =1411
	M	(SD)	M	(SD)
Age (years)	47.8	(11.8)	47.8	(11.7)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	124	(14.2)	119	(14.2)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	72	(9.5)	69	(9.6)
Heart rate (beats min^−1)	63	(8.4)	65	(8.4)
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol L^−1)	5.6	(1.0)	5.3	(1.1)
Serum cholesterol (mmol L^−1)	5.3	(1.0)	5.2	(1.0)
Waist circumference (cm)	95	(11.7)	86	(11.7)
Body mass index (kg m^−2)	26.9	(4.9)	26.8	(4.5)
	n	(%)	n	(%)
Daily smoking	216	(15)	289	(20)
Known diabetes^1	51	(4.8)	42	(4.2)
Obesity (BMI ≥3 0 kg m^−2)	248	(18.7)	332	(26.2)
Family history of hypertension^2	559	(39)	652	(47)

Notes: ¹Self-reported doctor's diagnosis of diabetes (type 1 or type 2). ²Self-reported known hypertension among first-degree family members (siblings and parents).

Table II. Comparison of common cardiovascular disease risk factors between categories of hypertension in men and women using aware controlled hypertension as reference: The Vara-Skövde Cohort 2001–2005 within the Skaraborg Project.

	Aware HT controlled n =66		Aware HT uncontrolled n =68		Unaware HT n =75		Normal blood pressure n =1191
	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	M	(SD)
Men			∆	(CI)	∆	(CI)	∆	(CI)
Age (years)	59.8	(10.8)	61.2	(9.8)	60.4	(11.0)	45.6	(10.6)
			1.4	(–2.2/5.0)	0.5	(–3.0/4.0)	–14.2	(–16.8/–11.6)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	122	(7.5)	148	(12.9)	153	(15.1)	121	(11.6)
			26.0	(22.3/29.7)	31.1	(27.4/34.7)	–1.0	(–3.8/1.8)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	71	(8.4)	83	(11.7)	86	(10.7)	71	(8.7)
			11.9	(8.9/14.9)	14.9	(12.0/17.8)	–0.2	(–2.5/2.1)
Heart rate (beats min^−1)	62	(9.7)	62	(9.5)	67	(11.8)	63	(8.2)
			–0.2	(–3.1/2.7)	5.0	(2.2/7.9)	0.3	(–1.9/2.5)
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol L^−1)	6.3	(2.2)	5.8	(1.4)	6.0	(1.6)	5.5	(0.9)
			–0.5	(–0.9/–0.2)	–0.3	(–0.7/0.02)	–0.8	(–1.1/–0.6)
Serum cholesterol (mmol L^−1)	5.1	(0.8)	5.1	(1.0)	5.4	(1.1)	5.4	(1.0)
			0.04	(–0.3/0.4)	0.4	(0.05/0.7)	0.3	(0.1/0.6)
Waist circumference (cm)	98	(11.2)	99	(10.5)	97	(7.7)	94	(9.8)
			0.4	(–2.9/3.7)	–0.8	(–4.1/2.4)	–3.8	(–6.4/–1.3)
Body mass index (kg m^−2)	28.4	(4.0)	28.5	(4.1)	27.5	(3.0)	26.7	(3.6)
			0.2	(–1.0/1.4)	–0.8	(–2.0/0.4)	–1.7	(–2.6/–0.8)
	Aware HT controlled n =63		Aware HT uncontrolled n =81		Unaware HT n =62		Normal blood pressure n =1210
	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	M	(SD)
Women			∆	(CI)	∆	(CI)	∆	(CI)
Age (years)	59.5	(10.5)	63.3	(10.2)	60.0	(10.0)	45.5	(10.4)
			3.7	(0.3/7.2)	0.4	(–3.2/4.1)	–14.0	(–16.7/–11.4)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	121	(8.6)	146	(13.5)	151	(11.8)	116	(13.1)
			25.0	(21.3/28.8)	29.5	(25.5/33.5)	–5.0	(–8.0/–2.0)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	71	(7.8)	77	(10.4)	81	(15.9)	67	(8.5)
			5.6	(2.7/8.6)	10.1	(7.0/13.2)	–3.8	(–6.1/–1.4)
Heart rate (beats min^−1)	64	(9.7)	65	(10.3)	69	(8.5)	64	(8.0)
			1.3	(–1.4/4.1)	5.3	(2.4/8.2)	0.7	(–1.5/2.9)
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol L^−1)	6.0	(1.8)	6.3	(2.7)	5.8	(1.9)	5.2	(0.7)
			0.2	(–0.1/0.6)	–0.3	(–0.7/0.1)	–0.8	(–1.1/–0.5)
Serum cholesterol (mmol L^−1)	4.8	(1.0)	4.9	(1.0)	5.6	(1.3)	5.2	(1.1)
			0.04	(–0.3/0.4)	0.8	(0.4/1.1)	0.4	(0.2/0.7)
Waist circumference (cm)	95	(13.7)	95	(14.4)	93	(14.7)	84	(12.7)
			–0.3	(–4.6/4.0)	–2.2	(–6.8/2.3)	–10.8	(–14.2/–7.4)
Body mass index (kg m^−2)	30.5	(5.4)	30.8	(6.2)	28.9	(5.6)	26.2	(5.0)
			0.4	(–1.3/2.0)	–1.5	(–3.3/0.3)	–4.2	(–5.6/–2.9)

Notes: Data are means (M) and standard deviations (SD). Means were adjusted for age using general linear models, and differences compared with normotensive subjects are given as ∆ with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistically significant findings are marked in bold. HT = hypertension.

Figure 1. Proportions of normal blood pressure (1), known hypertension, treatment goals not met (2), known hypertension, treatment goals met (3), and new screening detected hypertension (4), respectively: Distribution by five-year age groups in men and women combined in the Vara-Skövde cohort 2001–2005.

Figure 2. Factors related to known hypertension in the Vara-Skövde cohort 2001–2005: Associations estimated by logistic regression entering age and study site as covariates and expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.