Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension: Rule of thirds in the Skaraborg project

References

• Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, . The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. JAMA 2003;289: 2560–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guidelines Sub-Committee. 1999 World Health Organization: International Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension. J Hypertens 1999;17: 151–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilber JA, Barrow JG. Hypertension: A community problem. Am J Med 1972;52:653–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart JT. Semicontinuous screening of a whole community for hypertension. Lancet 1970;2:223–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith WC, Lee AJ, Crombie IK, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Control of blood pressure in Scotland: The rule of halves. BMJ 1990;300:981–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques-Vidal P, Tuomilehto J. Hypertension awareness, treatment and control in the community: Is the “rule of halves” still valid? J Hum Hypertens 1997;11:213–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antikainen RL, Moltchanov VA, Chukwuma C Sr, Kuulasmaa KA, Marques-Vidal PM, Sans S, . Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension: The WHO MONICA Project. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006;13:13–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larsson CA, Gullberg B, Rastam L, Lindblad U. Salivary cortisol differs with age and sex and shows inverse associations with WHR in Swedish women: A cross-sectional study. BMC Endocrine Disorders 2009;9:16. PMID: 19545400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Råstam L, Sjönell G. A new device for measuring blood pressure in adults. Lancet 1991;337:249–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Løchen ML, Rasmussen K. The Tromsø study: Physical fitness, self reported physical activity, and their relationship to other coronary risk factors. J Epidemiol Community Health 1992;46:103–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolt M, Sjönell G, Aström H, Hansson L. The reliability of auscultatory measurement of arterial blood pressure: A comparison of the standard and a new methodology. Am J Hypertens 1990;3:697–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netea RT, Lenders JW, Smits P, Thien T. Influence of body and arm position on blood pressure readings: An overview. J Hypertens 2003;21:237–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Society of Hypertension working group on blood pressure monitoring. European Society of Hypertension recommendations for conventional, ambulatory and home blood pressure measurement. J Hypertension 2003;21: 821–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson PM, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Eliasson B, Cederholm J. Steering Committee of the National Diabetes Register, Sweden. Hypertension in diabetes: Trends in clinical control in repeated large-scale national surveys from Sweden. J Hum Hypertens 2003;17:37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klungel OH. Quality of hypertension treatment and risk of stroke in the general population. J Hypertens 2002;20: 1949–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, Sega R, Milesi C, Cesana G, Zanchetti A. Blood-pressure control in the hypertensive population. Lancet 1997;349:454–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinehall L, Öhgren B, Persson M, Stegmayr B, Boman K, Hallmans G, . High remaining risk in poorly treated hypertension: The “rule of halves” still exists. J Hypertens 2002;20:2081–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson AC, Wändell PE, Journath G, de Faire U, Hellénius ML. Factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive 60-year-old men and women: A population-based study. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:780–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cífková R, Skodová Z, Lánská V, Adámková V, Novozámská E, Petrzílková Z, . Trends in blood pressure levels, prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the Czech population from 1985 to 2000/01. J Hypertens 2004;22:1479–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efstratopoulos AD, Voyaki SM, Baltas AA, Vratsistas FA, Kirlas DE, Kontoyannis JT, . Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Hellas, Greece: The Hypertension Study in General Practice in hellas (HYPERTENSHELL) national study. Am J Hypertens 2006;19:53–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheltens T, Bots ML, Numans ME, Grobbee DE, Hoes AW. Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension: The “rule of halves” in an era of risk-based treatment of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2007;21:99–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler JA, Sorlie PD, Wolz M, Thom T, Fields LE, Roccella EJ. Trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates in United States adults between 1988–1994 and 1999–2004. Hypertension 2008;52:818–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Kramer H, Banegas JR, Giampaoli S, Joffres MR, . Hypertension treatment and control in five European countries, Canada, and the United States. Hypertension 2004;43:10–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barroso LC, Muro EC, Herrera ND, Ochoa GF, Hueros JI, Buitrago F. Performance of the Framingham and SCORE cardiovascular risk prediction functions in a non-diabetic population of a Spanish health care centre: A validation study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2010;28:242–8. Epub 2010 Sep 27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy RM, Pyörälä K, Fitzgerald AP, Sans S, Menotti A, De Backer G, . SCORE project group. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: The SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003;24:987–1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Wel M, Bakx C, de Grauw W, van Gerwen W, Mulder J, van Weel C. The influence of guideline revisions on the process and outcome of hypertension management in general practice: A descriptive study. Eur J Gen Pract 2008;14(Suppl 1):47–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Corrao G, Parodi A, Nicotra F, Zambon A, Merlino L, Cesana G, . Better compliance to antihypertensive medications reduces cardiovascular risk. J Hypertens 2011; 29:610–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzaglia G, Ambrosioni E, Alacqua M, Filippi A, Sessa E, Immordino V, . Adherence to antihypertensive medications and cardiovascular morbidity among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Circulation 2009;120:1598–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Midlöv P, Ekesbo R, Johansson L, Gerward S, Persson K, Nerbrand C, Hedblad B. Barriers to adherence to hypertension guidelines among GPs in southern Sweden: A survey. Scand J Prim Health Care 2008;26:154–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Råstam L, Berglund G, Isacsson SO, Rydén L. The Skaraborg hypertension project, III: Influence on blood pressure of a medical care program for hypertension. Acta Med Scand 1986;219:261–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eckerlund I, Jonsson E, Rydén L, Råstam L, Berglund G, Isacsson SO. Economic evaluation of a Swedish medical care program for hypertension. Health Policy 1985;5:299–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voogdt-Pruis HR, Beusmans GH, Gorgels AP, Kester AD, Van Ree JW. Br J Gen Pract. Effectiveness of nurse-delivered cardiovascular risk management in primary care: A randomised trial. 2010;60:40–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen L, Woodard L, Urech T, Daw C, Sookanan S. Does pay for performance improve the quality of health care? Ann Intern Med 2006;145:265–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serumaga B, Ross-Degnan D, Avery AJ, Elliott RA, Majumdar SR, Zhang F, . Effect of pay for performance on the management and outcomes of hypertension in the United Kingdom: Interrupted time series study. BMJ 2011;342:d108. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose G. The strategy of preventive medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992.
   Google Scholar