Relationship of serum magnesium concentration to risk of short-term outcome of acute ischemic stroke

Figures & data

Table I. Baseline characteristics of acute ischemic stroke patients with NIHSS ≥ 10/death or NIHSS < 10.

Variables	NIHSS < 10	NIHSS ≥ 10/death	χ^2/t value	p-value
n	1377	116	–	–
Age (mean± SD)	64.43 ± 11.87	66.34 ± 11.87	− 1.62	0.105
Male (n, %)	884 (64.20)	70 (60.34)	0.69	0.407
Magnesium (mmol/l)^a	0.90 (0.83–0.98)	0.88 (0.79–0.95)	9.13	0.003
Calcium (mmol/l)^a	2.33 (2.22–2.43)	2.32 (2.19–2.43)	1.76	0.185
potassium (mmol/l)^a	4.10 (3.80–4.40)	4.10 (3.90–4.60)	0.08	0.776
Admission SBP (mmHg) (mean ± SD)	146.62 ± 21.79	151.57 ± 27.33	− 2.29	0.024
Admission DBP (mmHg) (mean ± SD)	88.16 ± 13.58	90.25 ± 16.60	− 1.32	0.189
Hypertention, n (%)	959 (69.64)	90 (77.59)	3.23	0.072
Cigarette smokers, n (%)	361 (26.22)	34 (29.31)	0.53	0.468
Alcohol consumption, n (%)	330 (23.97)	27 (23.28)	0.03	0.867
TC (mmol/l))^a	4.92 (4.33– 5.56)	4.90 (4.13–5.85)	0.041	0.840
high TC,n (%)	155 (11.26)	20 (17.24)	3.70	0.054
TG (mmol/l)^a	1.25 (0.93–1.80)	1.16 (0.86–1.70)	1.20	0.273
high TG,n (%)	189 (13.73)	16 (13.79)	0.00	0.984
LDL-C (mmol/l)^a	2.95 (2.44–3.50)	3.06 (2.16–3.78)	0.001	0.994
High LDL-C, n (%)	127 (9.22)	18 (15.52)	4.83	0.028
HDL-C (mmol/l) ^a	1.21 (1.01–1.46)	1.26 (1.07–1.46)	0.61	0.434
Low HDL-C, n (%)	368 (26.72)	24 (20.69)	2.01	0.156
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)^a	5.55 (5.00–6.80)	6.20 (5.49–8.28)	22.17	< 0.001
Hyperglycemia, n (%)	480 (34.86)	64 (55.17)	19.06	< 0.001
History of Hypertension, n (%)	891 (64.71)	73 (62.93)	0.15	0.701
History of diabetes, n (%)	232 (16.85)	19 (16.38)	0.02	0.897
History of coronary heart disease, n (%)	214 (15.54)	18 (15.52)	0.00	0.995
History of atrial fibrillation, n (%)	40 (2.90)	11 (9.48)	12.11	0.001
History of rheumatic heart disease, n (%)	11 (0.80)	2 (1.72)	0.26	0.610
Family history of stroke, n (%)	105 (7.63)	7 (6.03)	0.39	0.532
Family history of hypertension, n (%)	99 (7.19)	4 (3.45)	2.33	0.127
Days hospitalized (day)^a	15 (11–21)	13 (7.5–21.5)	5.92	0.015

^aMedian (interquartile range), the difference between two groups were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Table II. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of NIHSS ≥ 10/death by quartiles of serum magnesium concentration.

Serum magnesium concentration (mmol/l)	Unadjusted RR (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted* RR (95% CI)	p-value
1: < 0.83	1.00 (ref.)	–	1.00 (ref.)	–
2: 0.83˜0.88	0.64 (0.39–1.06)	0.081	0.65 (0.38–1.10)	0.105
3: 0.89˜0.97	0.63 (0.39–1.01)	0.055	0.56 (0.34–0.94)	0.027
4: ≥ 0.98	0.47 (0.28–0.78)	0.004	0.40 (0.23–0.70)	0.001
p-value for trend	0.010		0.002

*Adjusted with age, sex, serum calcium concentration, serum potassium concentration, admission systolic blood pressure, admission diastolic blood pressure, days hospitalized, high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, hyperglycemia, history of auricular fibrillation.

Figure 1. Multiple-adjusted risk ratio and 95% confidence interval of NIHSS ≥ 10/death by quartiles of serum magnesium concentration among acute ischemic stroke patients.