Relationship of serum magnesium concentration to risk of short-term outcome of acute ischemic stroke

References

• WHO. Global Burden of Disease 2002: Deaths by age, sex and cause for the year 2002. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• He J, Gu D, Wu X, Reynolds K, Duan X, Yao C, et al. Major causes of death among men and women in China. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1124–1134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meairs S, Wahlgren N, Dirnagl U, Lindvall O, Rothwell P, Baron JC, et al. Stroke research priorities for the next decade – A representative view of the European scientific community. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;22:75–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang B, Wang WZ, Chen H, Hong Z, Yang QD, Wu SP, et al. Incidence and trends of stroke and its subtypes in China: Results from three large cities. Stroke. 2006;37:63–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang W, Huang R, Lee AH, Hu D, Binns CW. Hospitalizations for incident stroke in Shunde District, Foshan, South China. Neuroepidemiology. 2008;30:101–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Reilly KH, Tong W, Xu T, Chen J, Bazzano LA, et al. Blood pressure and clinical outcome among patients with acute stroke in Inner Mongolia, China. J Hypertens. 2008; 26:1446–1452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart D, Marder VJ, Starkman S, Saver JL. Magnesium sulfate neither potentiates nor inhibits tissue plasminogen activator- induced thrombolysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4:1575–1579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muir KW. Magnesium for neuroprotection in ischaemic stroke: Rationale for use and evidence of effectiveness. CNS Drugs. 2001;15:921–930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang W, Lee AH, Binns CW. Dietary intake of minerals and the risk of ischemic stroke in Guangdong Province, China, 2007–2008. Prev Chronic Dis. 2011;8:A38.
   Google Scholar
• Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A. Dietary magnesium intake and risk of stroke: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95:362–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohira T, Peacock JM, Iso H, Chambless LE, Rosamond WD, Folsom AR. Serum and dietary magnesium and risk of ischemic stroke: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169:1437–1344.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shafqat S, Kvedar JC, Guanci MM, Chang Y, Schwamm LH. Role for telemedicine in acute stroke. Feasibility and reliability of remote administration of the NIH stroke scale. Stroke. 1999;30:2141–2145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The writing group of acute ischemic stroke diagnosis and treatment guideline in Chinese Medical Academy of Neurology. Acute ischemic stroke diagnosis and treatment guideline in China. Chin J Neurol. 2010;43:146–152.
   Google Scholar
• Prevention guide of dyslipidemia in chinese adults. Chin J Cardiol. 2007;35:390–419.
   Google Scholar
• Alberti K, Zimmet P. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med. 1998;15:539–553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma J, Folsom AR, Melnick SL, Eckfeldt JH, Sharrett AR, Nabulsi AA, et al. Associations of serum and dietary magnesium with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, insulin, and carotid arterial wall thickness: The ARIC study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48:927–940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amighi J, Sabeti S, Schlager O, Mlekusch W, Exner M, Lalouschek W, et al. Low serum magnesium predicts neurological events in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. Stroke. 2004;35:22–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaluza J, Orsini N, Levitan EB, Brzozowska A, Roszkowski W, Wolk A. Dietary calcium and magnesium intake and mortality: A prospective study of men. Am J Epidemiol. 2010; 171:801–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reffelmann T, Ittermann T, Dörr M, Völzke H, Reinthaler M, Petersmann A, et al. Low serum magnesium concentrations predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Atherosclerosis. 2011;219:280–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrè S, Mazur A, Maier JA. Low-magnesium induces senescent features in cultured human endothelial cells. Magnes Res. 2007;20:66–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolf FI, Trapani V, Simonacci M, Ferré S, Maier JA. Magnesium deficiency and endothelial dysfunction: Is oxidative stress involved?Magnes Res. 2008;21:58–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shechter M, Merz CN, Rude RK, Paul Labrador MJ, Meisel SR, Shah PK, et al. Low intracellular magnesium levels promote platelet-dependent thrombosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J. 2000;140: 212–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jee SH, Miller ER 3rd,Guallar E, Singh VK, Appel LJ, Klag MJ. The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Am J Hypertens. 2002;15:691–696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bo S, Pisu E. Role of dietary magnesium in cardiovascular disease prevention, insulin sensitivity and diabetes. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2008;19:50–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzui H, Lee JD. Role of magnesium in hypertension therapy. Clin Calcium. 2005;15:117–122.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schanne FA, Gupta RK, Stanton PK. 31P-NMR study of transient ischemia in rat hippocampal slices in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993;28:1158:257–263.
   Google Scholar
• Audebert HJ, Pellkofer TS, Wimmer ML, Haberl RL. Progression in lacunar stroke is related to elevated acute phase parameters. Eur Neurol. 2004;51:125–131.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katan M, Elkind MS. Inflammatory and neuroendocrine biomarkers of prognosis after ischemic stroke. Expert Rev Neurother. 2011;11:225–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sander D, Winbeck K, Klingelhöfer J, Etgen T, Conrad B. Prognostic relevance of pathological sympathetic activation after acute thromboembolic stroke. Neurology. 2001,11: 833–838.
   Google Scholar
• Ryzen E, Servis KL, DeRusso P, Kershaw A, Stephen T, Rude RK. Determination of intracellular free magnesium by nuclear magnetic resonance in human magnesium deficiency. J Am Coll Nutr. 1989;8:580–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appel SA, Molshatzki N, Schwammenthal Y, Merzeliak O, Toashi M, Sela BA, et al. Serum calcium levels and long-term mortality in patients with acute stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011;31:93–99.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Hernán MA, Giovannucci EL, Kawachi I, Stampfer MJ, et al. Intake of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and fiber and risk of stroke among US men. Circulation. 1998;98:1198–1204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musso CG. Magnesium metabolism in health and disease. Int Urol Nephrol. 2009;41:357–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar