Penetration enhancer-containing vesicles (PEVs) as carriers for cutaneous delivery of minoxidil: in vitro evaluation of drug permeation by infrared spectroscopy

Abstract

Recently, we carried out a research on new liposomal systems prepared by using in their composition a few penetration enhancers which differ for chemical structure and physicochemical properties. The penetration enhancer-containing vesicles (PEVs) were prepared by using soy lecithin and different amounts of three penetration enhancers, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol (Transcutol^®), capryl-caproyl macrogol 8-glyceride (Labrasol^®), and cineole.To study the influence of the PEVs on (trans)dermal delivery of minoxidil, in vitro diffusion experiments were performed through new born pig skin and the results were compared with that obtained applying the vesicular system without enhancer (control) after pretreatment of the skin with the various enhancers. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), attenuated total reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR) and FTIR imaging were used to evaluate the effective penetration of minoxidil in the skin layers and to discover the influence of the enhancer on the drug topical delivery. These analytical studies allowed us to characterize the drug formulations and to evaluate the vesicle distribution into the skin. Recorded spectra confirmed that the vesicle formulations with penetration enhancers promoted drug deposition into the skin.

Keywords::

• PEV
• minoxidil
• ATR-FTIR
• FTIR imaging
• stratum corneum

Acknowledgment

We thank Prof. Riccardo Stradi, University of Milan, Italy, for helpful discussions concerning the FTIR data. The authors also thank Allevado (Allevatori Associati del Parteolla) Soc. Coop. A.R.L. for kindly supplying new born pig skin.

Declaration of interest

The authors declare that they do not have any direct financial relation with Gattefossè, (Saint Priest, France) and report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the contents and writing of the paper.