Patient versus general practitioner perception of problems with treatment adherence in type 2 diabetes: From adherence to concordance

Figures & data

Table I. Characteristics of the 521 participating patients (mean age: 65 years).

Patient characteristic	n (%)
Males	284 (55%)
Marital status
Single	117 (23%)
Partnership	397 (77%)
Households with children living at home	123 (25%)
Employment situation
Working	106 (21%)
Unemployed	17 (3%)
Retired	349 (68%)
Other	43 (8%)
Level of education
No education or primary schooling (up to 11 years old)	311 (63%)
Up to 14 years old	99 (20%)
Up to 17 years old	45 (9%)
University degrees	40 (8%)
Body-mass index (BMI), kg/m^2
< 25	72 (14%)
25 to < 30	241 (47%)
≥ 30	204 (39 %)
Diabetes onset of more than 10 years	228 (44%)
Presence of at least one micro- or macrovascular complication	229 (44%)
HAD anxiety score
Certain (11–21)	136 (26%)
Doubtful (8–10)	110 (22%)
No symptoms (0–7)	262 (52%)
HAD depression score
Certain (11–21)	53 (10%)
Doubtful (8–10)	96 (19%)
No symptoms (0–7)	361 (71%)
Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level
< 7%	257 (49%)
7 to 8%	143 (27%)
≥ 8%	121 (23%)
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol > 1.3 g/l	233 (46%)
Medication
Oral antidiabetic drugs	436 (84%)
Insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs	61 (12%)

Figure 1. Percentages of self-reported adherence problems with each of the three components of type 2 diabetes treatment (521 patients).

Table II. Factors significantly associated with adherence problem (multivariate analysis, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, (χ² = 12.1, p = 0.15; area under ROC curve = 0.73).

Variable	OR	95% CI	p value
Age (per 1 year younger)	1.04	1.02–1.06	0.0014
Marital status (single vs other situations)	1.86	1.08–3.21	0.0261
Obesity BMI (> 30 vs < 30 kg/m^2)	3.48	1.84–6.58	0.0001
HbA1c (≥ 8% vs < 8%)	3.39	1.73–6.63	0.0004
Depression (presence vs absence)	2.54	1.02–6.33	0.0450
Medication perceived as a constraint (yes vs no)	1.57	1.02–2.42	0.0402

OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; BMI: body-mass index; HbA_1c: glycosylated haemoglobin.

Table III. Patients’ versus GPs’ perceptions concerning presence of problems with treatment adherence (521 paired answers).

		GPs’ perceptions
		Yes	No
Patients’ perceptions	Yes	299	73
	No	83	66