Vitamin D supplementation for diffuse musculoskeletal pain: Results of a before-and-after study

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline subject characteristics by follow up status.

Characteristic	Follow-up (n = 49)	Lost to follow-up (n = 20)	P-value
Mean age (SD), years	34.7 (9.0)	35.4 (10.6)	0.80
Female, n (%)	35 (71.4)	17 (85.0)	0.36
Mean BMI (SD), kg/m²	25.2 (5.5)	25.4 (7.1)	0.94
Normal weight, n (%)	24 (55.8)	5 (71.4)	0.86
Overweight, n (%)	11 (25.6)	1 (14.3)
Obesity, n (%)	8 (18.6)	1 (14.3)
Phototype, n (%)
I and II	12 (24.5)	2 (16.7)	0.96
III	19 (38.8)	5 (41.7)
IV and V	15 (30.6)	5 (41.7)
VI	3 (6.1)	0 (0)
Covering clothes, n (%)	4 (8.2)	2 (11.8)	0.64
Mean serum 25 (OH) D level (SD), nmol/l	25.1 (11.1)	30.0 (10.9)	0.99
Mean pain evaluation score (SD)	4.8 (2.6)	3.8 (2.7)	0.28
Median pain evaluation score (min–max)	6 (0–8)	3 (0–10)	0.18
Mean quality of life score (SD)	3.6 (0.7)	3.7 (0.7)	0.59
Median quality of life score (min–max)	4 (2–5)	4 (2–5)	0.51

Table 2. Baseline subject characteristics by gender.

Characteristic	Female (n = 35)	Male (n = 14)	P-value
Mean age (SD), years	33.7 (8.4)	37.2 (10.2)	0.26
Mean BMI (SD), kg/m²	25.6 (6.3)	25.9 (6.6)	0.89
Normal weight, n (%)	16 (53.3)	6 (46.1)	0.19
Overweight, n (%)	6 (20.0)	6 (46.1)
Obesity, n (%)	8 (26.7)	1 (7.8)
Phototype, n (%)
I and II	9 (25.7)	3 (21.4)	0.96
III	14 (40)	5 (35.7)
IV and V	10 (28.6)	5 (36.7)
VI	2 (5.7)	1 (7.2)
Covering clothes, n (%)	4 (11.4)	0 (0)	0.31
Mean serum 25 (OH) D level (SD), nmol/l	25.7 (9.8)	24.8 (13.3)	0.82
Mean pain evaluation score (SD)	4.8 (2.6)	5.4 (2.3)	0.43
Median pain evaluation score (min-max)	6 (0–8)	6 (2–8)	0.51
Mean quality of life score (SD)	3.7 (0.7)	3.3 (0.7)	0.12
Median quality of life score (min–max)	4 (2–5)	3 (2–5)	0.08

Table 3. Characteristics by vitamin D deficiency level.

Characteristics	Vitamin D level ≤ 10 nmol/l (n = 6)	Vitamin D level 11–30 nmol/l (n = 27)	Vitamin D level 31–50 nmol/l (n = 16)	P-value
Female, n (%)	3 (50)	22 (81.5)	10 (62.5)	0.17
Mean age (SD), years	35.5 (8.5)	34.5 (8.7)	34.8 (10.1)	0.97
Mean BMI (SD), kg/m²	23.4 (3.9)	25.8 (4.9)	26.5 (8.9)	0.65
Normal weight, n (%)	4 (66.7)	10 (43.5)	8 (57.2)	0.72
Overweight, n (%)	2 (33.3)	7 (30.4)	3 (21.4)
Obesity, n (%)	0 (0)	6 (26.1)	3 (21.4)
Phototype, n (%)
I and II	0 (0)	5 (18.5)	7 (43.7)	0.25
III	3 (50)	10 (37)	6 (37.5)
IV and V	3 (50)	10 (37)	2 (12.5)
VI	0 (0)	2 (7.4)	1 (6.3)
Covering clothes, n (%)	0 (0)	3 (11.1)	1 (6.3)	1
Mean pain evaluation score (SD)	5.2 (2.7)	4.3 (2.4)	6.2 (2.3)	0.046
Median pain evaluation score (min–max)	6 (0–8)	5 (0–8)	7.5 (2–8)	0.02
Mean quality of life score (SD)	3.8 (1)	3.5 (0.8)	3.5 (0.6)	0.61
Median quality of life score (min–max)	3.5 (3–5)	4 (2–5)	4 (2–4)	0.80

Table 4. Serum 25 (OH),D level, pain evaluation score, quality of life score and analgesic consumption before and after vitamin D supplementation.

Variables	Before supplementation (n = 49)	After supplementation (n = 49)	P-value
Mean serum 25 (OH) D level, nmol/L^a (SE)	25.2 (4.5)	118.8 (4.5)	< 0.001
Mean pain evaluation score (SE)^a	5.1 (0.4)	2.8 (0.4)	< 0.001
Median pain evaluation score (min–max)	6 (0–8)	3 (0–7)	< 0.001
Mean quality of life score (SE)^a	3.5 (0.1)	2.8 (0.1)	< 0.001
Median quality of life score (min–max)	4 (2–5)	3 (1–4)	< 0.001
Usual analgesic consumption, n (%)	20 (40.8)	6 (12.2)	0.003

*Adjusted on gender, age and BMI, SE, standard error.