Antidiabetic potential of α-amylase inhibitor from the seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice

Figures & data

Table 1.  Effect of MUAI on serum glucose level, body weight, food and water intake in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic mice.

Day	Control	Diabetic control	Acarbose (50 mg/kg)	MUAI (1 mg/kg)	MUAI +2% starch (1 mg/kg)
Chronic study (mean serum glucose level ± SEM in mg/dL )
0	111.83 ± 1.4	263.16 ± 15.77	275.47 ± 13.72	255.25 ± 5.75	256.27 ± 15.08
7	115.0 ± 11.63	281.4 ± 6.55	224.72 ± 12.81**	239.71 ± 10.86	221.73 ± 11.63**
14	118.17 ± 4.36	295.27 ± 5.35	209.56 ± 8.11***	213.84 ± 13.7***	207.85 ± 4.36***
21	115.0 ± 14.06	296.11 ± 10.21	178.88 ± 10.59***	195.41 ± 9.07***	190.05 ± 14.06***
28	113.17 ± 10.81	302.37 ± 8.86	155.82 ± 5.45**	193.61 ± 5.18***	74.63 ± 10.81***
Body weight (g/day)
0	25 ± 0.7	29 ± 0.66	30 ± 1.23	30 ± 0.7	29 ± 0.95
7	27 ± 0.5	26 ± 0.71	28 ± 1.19	27 ± 0.55	28 ± 0.88
14	29 ± 0.88	25 ± 0.75	25 ± 1.01	25 ± 0.66	27 ± 1.28
21	31 ± 0.88	24 ± 0.66	25 ± 0.79	26 ± 0.49	26 ± 1.45
28	31 ± 0.75	23 ± 0.74	25 ± 0.95*	26 ± 0.49*	26 ± 0.95*
Food intake (g/day)
0	12.23 ± 1.37	13.33 ± 1.41	13.19 ± 1.39	13.32 ± 1.31	12.97 ± 1.37
7	12.64 ± 1.39	14.33 ± 1.37	13.17 ± 1.41	13.16 ± 1.35	12.82 ± 1.43
14	13.96 ± 1.41	18.66 ± 1.45	15.32 ± 1.43	16.98 ± 1.39	13.94 ± 1.39
21	12.61 ± 1.47	24.22 ± 1.39	16.16 ± 1.39	15.19 ± 1.29	13.21 ± 1.42
28	12.27 ± 1.42	22.50 ± 1.35	16.33 ± 1.41	15.16 ± 1.41	13.65 ± 0.38
0	8.19 ± 1.41	18.25 ± 1.43	18.21 ± 1.32	17.98 ± 1.38	18.2 ± 1.38
7	9.63 ± 1.39	21.92 ± 1.42	17.13 ± 1.31*	17.34 ± 1.29*	18.75 ± 1.33*
14	9.70 ± 1.38	23.03 ± 1.43	17.97 ± 1.42*	15.12 ± 1.46**	15.77 ± 1.35**
21	9.42 ± 1.37	26.34 ± 1.33	14.12 ± 1.31***	15.59 ± 1.37***	13.92 ± 1.39***
28	9.89 ± 1.43	29.89 ± 1.39	11.33 ± 1.38***	14.19 ± 1.45***	13.12 ± 1.42***

Values are mean ± SEM; n = 6; Statistical analysis by ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test; ***compared to the diabetic control, p <0.001; **compared to the diabetic control, p <0.01; *compared to the diabetic control, p <0.05.

Table 2.  Effect of MUAI on biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetes in mice.

	Control	Diabetic control	Acarbose (50 mg/kg)	MUAI (1 mg/kg)	MUAI +2% starch (1 mg/kg)
Lipid profile
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	135.64 ± 5.21	142.42 ± 4.7	127.27 ± 5.38	110.25 ± 2.08**	103.67 ± 7.27**
TG (mg %)	43.61 ± 3.82	124.77 ± 37.16	99.27 ± 11.96	104.37 ± 13.52	69.03 ± 9.54
HDL (mg %)	35.75 ± 3.43	29.29 ± 2.28	36.05 ± 2.06*	39.54 ± 1.46***	41.81 ± 3.3**
LDL (mg %)	108.62 ± 5.23	128.09 ± 8.14	121.08 ± 6.91	109.58 ± 2.67	111.66 ± 8.63
VLDL (mg %)	8.72 ± 0.76	24.95 ± 7.43	9.85 ± 2.39	20.87 ± 2.7	13.81 ± 1.9
Liver function test
AST (IU/L)	38.0 ± 3.35	63.5 ± 2.36	60.83 ± 7.95	51.67 ± 2.45	58.17 ± 4.96
ALT (IU/L)	13.5 ± 1.82	30.5 ± 3.3	27.67 ± 1.62	27.0 ± 1.46	28.67 ± 6.88

Values are mean ± SEM; n = 6; statistical analysis by ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test; ***compared to the diabetic control, p <0.001; **compared to the diabetic control, p <0.01; *compared to the diabetic control, p <0.05.

AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT alanine aminotransferase; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.

Figure 1.  Photomicrographs of the histology of the mice pancreas. (A) Non-diabetic; (B) Diabetic control; (C) Acarbose (50 mg/kg, p.o.); (D) MUAI (1 mg/kg, p.o.); (E) MUAI (1 mg/kg, p.o.) +2% starch solution.

Figure 2.  Photomicrographs of histology of mice kidney. (A) Non-diabetic; (B) Diabetic control; (C) Acarbose (50 mg/kg, p.o.); (D) MUAI (1 mg/kg, p.o.); (E) MUAI (1 mg/kg, p.o.)+2% starch solution.

Figure 3.  Photomicrographs of histological changes in the mice liver. (A) Non-diabetic; (B) Diabetic control; (C) Acarbose (50 mg/kg, p.o.); (D) MUAI (1 mg/kg, p.o.); (E) MUAI (1 mg/kg, p.o.)+2% starch solution.

Table 3.  Effect of MUAI on OGTT in non-diabetic mice.

Groups	Mean serum glucose level ± SEM (mg/dL)
	Before glucose load	After glucose load
Control (DW)	106.47 ± 2.24	186.61 ± 3.45
Acarbose (50 mg/dL)	96.69 ± 5.27	131.32 ± 3.67***
MUAI (1 mg/kg)	100.24 ± 2.92	137.69 ± 2.81***
MUAI (1 mg/kg)+2% starch	125.8 ± 11.37	103.33 ± 9.41***

Values are mean ± SEM; n = 6; statistical analysis by ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test; ***compared to the control, p <0.001.

Table 4.  Effect of MUAI on OGTT in diabetic mice.

Groups	Mean serum glucose level ± SEM (mg/dL)
	Before glucose load	After glucose load
Diabetic control	275.63 ± 1.13	449.67 ± 2.59
Acarbose (50 mg/kg)	161.8 ± 9.03	205.07 ± 1.14***
MUAI (1 mg/kg)	235.28 ± 9.03	278.0 ± 1.14*
MUAI (1 mg/kg)+2% starch	212.36 ± 9.03	250.61 ± 1.14***

Values are mean ± SEM; n = 6; statistical analysis by ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test; ***compared to the diabetic control, p<0.001; *compared to the diabetic control, p<0.05.

Figure 4.  Pancreatic α-amylase activity in control and treated groups.