Citronellal, a monoterpene present in Java citronella oil, attenuates mechanical nociception response in mice

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of acute administration of vehicle, citronellal (CTL 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg; ip) or indomethacin (IND; 10 mg/kg) on mechanical hypernociception induced by CG (300 µg/paw). Each point represents the mean ± SEM of the variation of paw withdrawal threshold (in grams) to tactile stimulation of the ipsilateral hind paw. **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared with the vehicle-treated group (two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test).

Figure 2. Effect of acute administration of vehicle, citronellal (CTL 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg; ip) or indomethacin (IND; 10 mg/kg) on mechanical hypernociception induced by TNF-α (100 pg/paw). Each point represents the mean ± SEM of the variation of paw withdrawal threshold (in grams) to tactile stimulation of the ipsilateral hind paw. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, compared with the vehicle-treated group (two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test).

Figure 3. Effect of acute administration of vehicle, citronellal (CTL 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg; ip) or dipyrone on mechanical hypernociception induced by DA (30 µg/paw). Each point represents the mean ± SEM of the variation of paw withdrawal threshold (in grams) to tactile stimulation of the ipsilateral hind paw. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared with the vehicle-treated group (two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test).

Figure 4. Effect of acute administration of vehicle, citronellal (CTL 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg; ip) or dipyrone on mechanical hypernociception induced by PGE₂ (100 ng/paw). Each point represents the mean ± SEM of the variation of paw withdrawal threshold (in grams) to tactile stimulation of the ipsilateral hind paw. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 compared with the vehicle-treated group (two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test).

Figure 5. Effect of acute administration of L-NAME (30 mg/kg; ip, panel A) or glibenclamide (5 mg/kg; ip, panel B) on the mechanical antinociceptive activities of citronellal (CTL 100 mg/kg; ip) or dipyrone (60 mg/kg; ip) in mechanical hypernociception induced by i.pl. injection of PGE₂ (100 ng/paw). L-NAME was injected 30 min before the CTL or dipyrone and 30 min after PGE₂. Each point represents the mean ± SEM of the paw withdrawal threshold (in grams) to tactile stimulation of the ipsilateral hind paw. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared with vehicle-treated group (two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test).